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MYCOTAXON
AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL DESIGNED TO EXPEDITE PUBLICATION OF RESEARCH ON TAXONOMY & NOMENCLATURE OF FUNGI & LICHENS
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COMPLETE IN TWO QUARTERLY ISSUES CONSISTING OF vi + 582 PAGES INCLUDING FIGURES
CO-ED! TORS
Gw Ly HENNESBERA: French Language Editor & Book Review Editor
Laboratoire de Mycologie systématique et appliquée Université de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
RICHARD P. KORF English Language Editor & Managing Editor
Plant Pathology Herbarium, Cornell University Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Plant Pathology Herbarium, Cornell University Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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N INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL DESIGNED TO: EXPEDITE) PUBLICATION OF RESEARCH ON TAXONOMY & ‘NOMENCLATURE OF FUNGI & LICHENS
Volume XVI October-December 1982 NOG
CONT ENCES
A preliminary discomycete flora of Macaronesia: Part 5,
Se Ler OCIERACCAG Mure pea es elie ec ululatGrs alors inte in inte ings LINDA) M. KOHN 1 Studies on hyphomycetes from West Bengal, India,
1. Cercospora and allied genera of West Bengal, 1, 35
ll. Cercospora and allied genera of West Bengal, 2. 58
Ill. Cereospora and allied genera of West Bengal, 3. JO-MIN YEN, A. Ke KAR AND Boo K. DAS GO Studies on parasitic fungi from South East Asia, 45, Parasitic Puna from Malavepag 20 nee aes sa, JO=MIN YEN AND GLORTA) LIM G6 Phytophthora operculata sp. nov.,.a new marine fungus. Ki Ge) PGE MAND 3.1L. ALCORN 99 Thecaphora androsacina and Entyloma garllardtamum, new species
OP UStA LAG INAUeS eeu ew a Puta Mal apy earelele wae dal Mi pry KALMAN VANKY 103 A new species of Orbtlta from Canada. J..H. HAINES AND K..N, EGGER = 107 Phellinus andina Plank §& Ryv. nova sp... 5S. PLANK AND LL. RYVARDEN. 114
A reinvestigation of the north-west Himalayan Pulvinulas. RISHI) KAUSHAL 117 Isolation and identification of Futypa armeritacae from diseased grapevines in Washington State. D. A. GLAWE, C. B. SKOTLAND AND Wy J.) MOLLER 123 Stilbellaceous fungi 1. DidymosttLbe. Jv. CRANE AND’ ADRIANNA D. HEWINGS «133 Variability of spores of different basidiocarps growing on the same mycelium in the Aphyllophorales. ERAST! PARMASTO AND TLMI PARMASTO). 141 A new species of Endophragmiella from sclerotia of Sclerotinia CEN s amie Sal ye wie ied PeRRLae nial Gea Gig teters braTslaie iste aie esa net MICHAEL T. DUNN. | 152 Three new species of Hypogymnta from western North America (Lichenes: Hypogymniaceae) . LAWRENCE H. PIKE AND MASON E. HALE, JR, 157 A new species of Parmelia (Lichenes) with protocetraric acid. MASON EB. HALE, JR. 162 A new host for Sphaeronaemella helvellae — Pseudorhizina PAO MOS ORE Ae La aoa 2a sg ial bie Goh icie Ener hima era 9 DONALD H. PRISTER: > 165
[CONTENTS continued overleaf]
ISSN 0093-4666 MYXNAE J6(1) 2-340 (1982)
Library of Congress Catalongue Card Number 74-7903
a Pee ae Published quarterly by MYCOTAXON, Ltd., P.O. Box 264, Yefaba hey BASSI N
For subscription details, availability in microfilm and, migregicne ,
and availability of articles as tear sheets J hay§ (hack gover 14850 WY 04 1962
tenets =.
CONTENTS: Continued
Smistrum Longtsporum, a new Harpellales (Trichomycetes) from chironomid guts. MARVIN C2) WILLEAMS, ROBERT! W.)) LIGHTWARDT AND: STEPHEN W. PETERSON Megasporoporia a new genus of resupinate polypores. Lio RYVARDEN 4.34) BS) WRIGHT AND M. RAJCHENBERG Smittium cellaspora, a new Harpellales (Trichomycetes) From a CHAT ORT PHELPS e fs CA Rene Pee ain aaa ay MARVIN: Cl WILLIAMS NOES: /on hyphomygetes : XLIT. New species of Acrodtetys) and Pseudasptropes from South Africa, XELEh Concerning \Chaetopsina romantied i) ere G. MORGAN -JONES Phycosymbiodemes in Pseudocyphellarta in New Zealand, B, RENNER AND Di J. GALLOWAY A note, on Sporotrtehwn gougerottl Matrouchot 1910. MICHAEL. R, MCGINNIS: AND LIBERO AJELLO Peratfin embedding and semithin sectioning of basidiocarp PR SMU S 5d) ienssa win shila ataee van KELLY A. GRATTO. AND DARRYL W..GRUND Basidzospore variation in local. popuiations of some APA etophorales ih. sug ak ut ERAST ) PARMASTO AND TLMI PARMASTO New Species of fungi fromthe! Yucatan ‘Peninsula. :.,. GASTON | GUZMAN Two new families, in the Ascomycotine. D. L. HAWKSWORTH AND M.A, SHERWOOD Cylindvoctadium spathiohy lle sp. nove oll. : CALVIN L.. SCHOULTIES, NABTH By EL-GHOLL ‘AND SALVATORE) A. ALFTERT, JR. Erynia necpyraltdarum sp.nov. and Contdtobolus apiculatue, pathogens’ ot pyralid moths: components of the misdescribed species Entomophthora pyraitdamm [Zysomycetes: Entomoph~
POP ALES simi ira Gila heer LA MrNSENMRey Se AR MUE Mie mic ct ba he ISRAEL) BEN-ZE'EV Survey of the Argentine Species of the Ganoderma’ Luetdum COMPLE RRS I) avcu tah isla ret ay MARTA &. BAZZALO AND. JORGE. E, WRIGHT
Two’ mew species of Helotiales from the eastern Himalayas, R. SHARMA AND RICHARD P.) KORE
PENG ies Lay me edits i iia rie i ie arcu an bhen Pel ott G, Li. HENNEBERT Notices: International Mycological Association Record of Business Meeting. FureaerSUpeestl ons: Tor MY CONRKON: BUthORS Wire vinea vill dey weuareremre eign
[MYCOTAXON for July4September 1982 (1521-540) was issved July 15, 1982]
167
12 183 187 192 LIAS 4 B32, Bod
243 249
262
265
he 293
326 Sod.
535 340
MYCOTAXON
WoleexAVIS No.0, pp. 1-34 October-December 1982
A PRELIMINARY DISCOMYCETE FLORA OF MACARONESIA: PART 5, SCLEROTINIACEAE*
LINDA M. KOHN
Department of Botany, University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario MoS JIAl, Canada
and
Plant Pathology Herbarium, Cornell University Ithaca, New York 14853 USA
"Extreme remedies are very appropriate for extreme diseases." Hippocrates [tr. William Henry Rich Jones] APHORISMS, Sect. I, 6
Order HELOTIALES Suborder HYMENOSCYPHINEAE Family SCLEROTINIACEAE Whetzel 1945
KEY TO THE KNOWN MACARONESIAN GENERA
ier potnecial Cupulate, “stipitate, on a «distinct. scleroti— um with a well-differentiated rind and medulla ..2 Ps) Apothecia cupulate, stipitate, on a substratal stro- MagmerOres stroma vlacking {but if lacking, often
Wwitheemelanized..cells sat; base: of Stipe). ....... ees 3
2(1). Sclerotial medulla enveloping suscept tis-
SCS Risrid Hog Nei aes OOo Ee i OI IORIe Ciborinia
2'(1). Sclerotial medulla free of suscept tissues. Sclerotinia
etl"). Ascospores brown at maturity ....... Lambertella eee scospores hyaline at maturity. 2.26008. ...-00- 4 4(3'). Ectal excipulum composed of prosenchyma-
toucs celts =bound inftgel” oi. si. ee Poculum
4'(3'). Ectal excipulum composed of short cells,
MOL DCUITU Thee OL ry ster. were oe es sie eivic wales '0 oc 5
* The parts of this flora will appear in irregular order. Reprints of indi- vidual parts will not be available for distribution.
2
5(4'). | Ectal excipulum composed of brick-shaped cells.
Lanzia
5'(4'). Ectal excipulum composed of globose cells ..... 6 OlSr te Lignicolous; ascospores greater than
10 yam LONG cece sesccecccccccecces Ciboria
OCS Foliicolous, on herbaceous’ stems, or
on mummified fruits; ascospores less than
10mm LONG cs siats sie ere stegerererens Moellerodiscus
Some taxa are identified here by the specimen number of a "typical representative,"' either because our collections are too Scanty to serve as types, or becatse sitter. are no comprehensive monographs of Sclerotiniaceous genera (such as Ciboria, Lanzia; Moellerodiscus, and Poculum; too often type species are themselves doubtful.
CIBORIA Fuckel 1870
Key to the known Macaronesian species
]. Asci. 4-spored, .ascospores bearing a gél %shedine 1. Ciboria sp. 254 1'. Asci 8-spored, ascospores without a gel sheath
2(1"). Ascospores (11.7-) 13.7-18.6 ‘x 5.6672 3. Ciboria sp. 1182
2*(1").- Ascospores - 8.8=11.0°> (-13.2),) x) ees 3.0-Sige AYLI Sta 2. Ciboria sp. 573
1. Ciboria sp. 254 RECENT TAXONOMIC TREATMENTS: None. PREVIOUS MACARONESIAN RECORDS: None.
KNOWN MACARONESIAN DISTRIBUTION CANARY ISLANDS.
Tenerife. CUP-MM 254.
SUBSTRATUM: On twig. \2 «
Notes: This sparse collection is too meagre to constitute a type specimen. Although the_ tissue
structure of the apothecia, com-
posed of textura globulosa Ciboria sp. 254, 8 bound in gel, suggets affinities ascospores, CUP in Moellerodiscus, the substrate, MM 254, x 1000.
an unidentified twig, is anomalous for that foliicolous menus. + ihere is “no trace’ of''a stroma except for some monk ly espromented, cells. at the base of the stipe. The
asci are J+ and 4-spored. Ascospores are variable feeonape, from irregularly ellipsoid to pyriform,. though Most trequently they . are. “slipper-—shaped," uni- or
biguttulate, (10s5-) 9 1) .0414.05 x 3./-4-4 wm... Spore germination on water agar is uni- or bipolar.
2. Ciboria sp. 573 RECENT TAXONOMIC TREATMENTS: None.
PREVIOUS MACARONESIAN RECORDS: None. JC
KNOWN MACARONESIAN DISTRIBUTION
CANARY ISLANDS. “50 Tenerife. CUP-MM 573.
SUBSTRATUM: On branchlet in Ciboria sp. 573, 4 as- stream. cospores, CUP-MM 573, x 1000.
Notes: This small lignicolous collection also shows affi- nities in Moellerodiscus primarily on the basis of the miceOanatomy Of the ectal~ excipulum, in this fungus eomposed, of -textura globulosa not bound in gel. Except for dark-walled cells at the base of the stipe, no stroma is evident. The asci are §8-spored and the pore J+. The ascospores are one- and two-celled, uni- or bigut- Pulate,, ellipsoid to fusoid to lacriform, 8.8-11.0 (-13-2) x (2.9-) 3.0-3.7 (-4.4) pm
3. Ciboria sp. 1182 RECENT TAXONOMIC TREATMENTS: None. PREVIOUS MACARONESIAN RECORDS: None. KNOWN MACARONESIAN DISTRIBUTION CANARY ISLANDS. Tenerife. CUP-MM 1182. SUBSTRATUM: On wood.
Notes: APOTHECIA scattered, arising from wood; turbi- eae, \butr, “concolorous; discs up to: 1.5 mm’ <in: ydiam
tapering to form a_ short 7 stipe. ECTAL EXCIPULUM up i to 80 wm wide along flanks
and stipe, narrower at the margin, composed of hyaline
textura globulosa arranged
in chains perpendicular to Ciboria sp. 1182, apices the hymenial surface, cells of 2 ascl, 4 ascospores, up to. 15oume in’ diam, “most CUP-MM 1182, x 1000. cells under 10 wm, at mar-
gin composed of textura prismatica in chains parallel to asci. MEDULLARY EXCIPULUM a compact layer of hyaline textura intricata possibly bound in gel, cells up to 2.0 pm wide; medullary zone of stipe a compact textura “porrecta oriented “parallel toy the #stipe tases. SUBHYMENIUM poorly differentiated. ASCI clavate-cylin- drical,*120-178 x 9-12" am, apices, ‘thickened” (up t6 916-0 pm), pore channel walls strongly J+, 8-spored. ASCO- SPORES hyaline, obliquely uniseriate, ellipsoid to allan- toid, bi- or multiguttulate in youth, becoming one-sep- tate,” (115/—) 13-7-18.6 -x 5.8-6.4 pm. PARAPHYSES icyvilige drical, simple, septate, 1.0 ym wide, Slightly inflated aligned pices toe7.0%im, snot exceeding. themascie ;
This description is based on a small collection. The turbinate apothecia and also the aseptate ascospores suggest this sparse material is also immature. No true stroma is in evidence; microscopically, the tissue sub- tending the base of the stipe is composed of host cells filled with hyaline hyphae. The apothecial microanatomy is most like that of Ciboria peckiana .(Cooke)Korf sal] though the spores in this collection are smaller and the apothecia (as we have them here) are much different macroscopically. This collection differs from Poculum fitmum. “(Pers; = “Fr. Dumont,) @lso ont wood in having an ectal excipulum composed of globose cells.
CIBORINIA Whetzel 1945 Key to the known Macaronesian species
bss Ascospores 10.6-13.8 x 4.8-6.4 ym, biguttulate,
with a prominent gel sheath 1. Ciborinia sp. 1466
I’. Ascospores (1.8-) 4.8-8.8 x (1.8-) 2.6-3.1 (-4.8) ym, usually eguttulate, without a gel sheath.
2s, Cw thirsuta
1. Ciborinia sp. 1466 RECENT TAXONOMIC TREATMENTS: None. PREVIOUS MACARONESIAN RECORDS: None. KNOWN MACARONESIAN DISTRIBUTION
CANARY ISLANDS. Hierro. CUP-MM 1466.
SUBSTRATA: On sclerotia free
in soil or attached to debris. ——
Ciborinia sp. 1466, 5 ascospores, brown-walled, rhizoidal hair from base of stipe, section through flank of apothecium showing outermost cells and tomentum hyphae, CUP-MM 1Z66556 L000.
Notes: APOTHECIA solitary from tuberoid- sclerotia; disc O.9-1.1 mm in diam, hymenium buff, concolorous with excipular suriace; stipe up to 5 mm. long, 0.1 mm, wide, Beadishwiorown darkening \tOachesinut, at the base. ECTAL EXCIPULUM 55-148 jm wide, of hyaline, thin-walled textura globulosa originating from cells of the medullary exc DULUM. Which) turn.ouL at. a low angle to the. sur— iocemnand. intergrade jinto the (chains, of (elobose .cells Peapendicular,to» the, flank). surface, ,cells .up to: 20 wm fimciamenwith thenlargcest ycells along flanks; at,.margin outermost cells giving rise to some short tomentum hy- phae; ectal excipulum of stipe composed of light brown- walled, finely superficially roughened textura porrecta, tiessoutenmost: ycells’ at ithe: , base, of sthe) stipe giving rise to brown-walled rhizoidal hairs. MEDULLARY EXCI- PULUM up to 24 pm wide, narrowing toward the margin, of hyaline, thin-walled textura intricata, cells 4.0-6.5 pm broad; stipe medulla composed of hyaline, thin-wal- led textura intricata. SUBHYMENIUM 10.5 wm wide, a compact zone of light brown-walled textura intricata moundein gel, icellss 2-3 am) ‘broad. /ASCI, arising from croziers, columnar, 91-136 x 6.5-9.0 ym, pore faintly J+, asci containing a substance along the inside wall turning purple in Melzer's reagent, ascus apices thick- ened (3.5-4.5 yam thick), 8-spored. ASCOSPORES uniseri-
ate, ellipsoid to allantoid to subreniform, (10.6-) 12.0 (-13.8) x 4.8-6.4 ym, biguttulate, with a prominent gel sheath (easily seen in Melzer's reagent). PARAPHY- SES simple, septate, filiform, slightly enlarged atgthe tips, 1.0 ym wide, not exceeding asci. STROMA consisting of tuberoid sclerotia, spherical with an irregular de- pression on dorsal surface, firmly attached to the host on ventral surface, 0.75-1.0 mm in diam; :meduliameo: textura oblita with very heavily gelatinized) jwall.: enveloping host vessel elements near site of attachment to host tissue.
The ‘subreniform ascospores with “gel sheaths “and mine purple reaction of the inner ascus wall in” Méelzenee reagent distinguish this small but interesting collection. Neither sclerotial nor Botrytis anamorphs were produced in ;cultures. on DIFCO’ Corn Meal Agar... resuliincuees the assignment here to Ciborinia rather than Botryoti- nia, which was our field identification.
2. Ciborinia HIRSUTA Kohn & Korf, sp. nov. RECENT TAXONOMIC TREATMENTS: None. PREVIOUS MACARONESIAN RECORDS: None.
Apothecia solitaria ex sclerotiis; discus rubrobrunneus, griseo-puberulentus, juventute crateriformis, deinde (sed non profunde) cupulatus, 1-2 mm in diam., stipite variabili- ter ad !t. cm longitudine, ad’ 250 latitudine. Exeipuiae ectale ex cellulis formatum hyalinis, parietibus tenuibus praeditis, inflato-lateriformibus vel globosis, ordinatis in catenis 3-6 cellularibus ad superficiem perpendiculari- bus, cellulis ad 15 p latis, eis extimis pilos saepe parien- tibus. Pili hyalini praebentes 3 formas fortasse gradus in progressu- referentes: tomenti hyphas 1-2-cellulares ad 30 p longas cellulis apicalibus clavatis instructas; pilos simplices multiseptatos columnares vel acuminatos ad 70 p longos; pilos multiseptatos columnares vel acumina- tos ad 100 p longos, basi saepe ramosus. Asci ex crocis exorientes, cylindrici, 56-75 x 5-6 p, pori canalis pariete J+, apicibus incrassatis. Ascosporae uniseriatae, hyalinae, plerumque eguttulatae, late ellipsoideae, in magnitudine Valdissime® vVariabi les, “Cl.8-)) 478-710 (28:0), exe oe 2.6-3.1 (-4.8) 3 asci ex apotheciis sub conditionibus naturalibus collectis segregationem ascosporarum minorum (4.8-5.3 x 3.5-4.0 p) et majorum (5.7-7.0 x 2.6-3.1 p) in
Gationibus 4:4,.6:2, 8:0. prae— bentes. Stroma sub conditioni- bus naturalibus sclerotium discretum ovale ca. i-1.5 mm longum, elevatum sed siccitate collapsum; cortex superficiem et dorsalum et ventralem in- volvens, crassitie 1-2 cellu- larum, ex textura globulosa formatum, parietibus brunne-— is, eis exterioribus densius atratis; medulla ex textura oblita parietibus gelatinosis ex-miparte» formata, hospitis telae vestigia includens.
APOTHECIA solitary from \\ sclerotia, disc reddish brown, greyish-puberulent, goblet-shaped in youth, be- coming shallowly cupulate, disc 1-2 mm in diam (apo- heclas ..produced., «in, «-vitto larger than those collected in nature), stipe variable Mimeenout (Up 410..Ca.. ccm, 250m wide. ECTAL, EXCIPU-— LUM up to 35 pm wide along flanks, of hyaline, thin- walled, inflated, brick- shaped to globose cells ar- banged.,in chains. 3). to...6
Geis long, perpendicular
to the flank surface, cells
Mp. (0, 15 jm broad, the out- Ciborinia hirsuta, 5 as- ermost cells frequently giv- cospores, non-septate Mga rise. to a smaller,.«.¢lo- hairs emerging from the Doce ccliy (up to 1l0.j7m-in outermost cells of the GpamJAgin-turnhjegiving= wise Stipe, multiseptate Pommnait Sos HAIRS.) ofv. three hairs originating from types possibly representing the flanks, CUP-MM three phases of development: 22/35.8% OOO.
a one- to two-celled, hya- line tomentum hypha up _ to SUbjm long; with. a clavate apical .cell;. a, multiseptate, columnar to acuminate (but blunt-tipped) hair up to pm socoadi and 70m long; a long, ~multiseptate, ico- lumnar to acuminate hair, often branched at the base,
8
up to 100 pm long. MEDULLARY EXCIPULUM of two zones: the outer zone of thin-walled, hyaline textura intricata to textura prismatica with cells somewhat inflated, oriented parallel with the flank surface, giving rise to the inflated cells of the ectal excipulum, cells» wosite 14 wm broad; the inner zone composed of thin-walled, hyaline to light brown-walled, Superficially granularly roughened textura porrecta oriented parallel to the hymenial surface, intergrading into textura intricata a- bove stipe, cells 4-7 ym broad. SUBHYMENIUM a compact light brown textura intricata,) cells» 255-4. 2 immovedar ASCI arising from croziers, cylindrical, 56-75 x 5.0-5.8 wm, pore channel walls J+, apices thickened. ASCOSPORES uniseriate, hyaline, usually eguttulate, broadly ellip- soid, extremely variable in size, (1.8-) 4.8-7.0 (-8.8) x (1.8-) 2.6-3.1 (-4.8) wm; asci from apothecia collected in the field showing segregation of small ascospores (4.8-5.3 x% 3.5-4.0) and large ascospores (5.7-7.0 x 2.6-3.1 ym) in 4:4, .6:2, and 8:0 ratios, ‘with @farge ascospores often the basal ones in the chain of asco- Spores; asci from apothecia produced in vitro showing no segregation of large and small ascospores, producing irregular numbers of ascospores (up to 9 per ascus), ascospores iregular in size, some appearing to abort. PARAPHYSES filiform, simple, 0.8-1.0 ym wide, not ex- ceeding ascis STIPE ectal »‘excipulum! Jof \hyalinewees brown, thin-walled textura porrecta with outermost cells somewhat inflated and giving rise to hairs as described for the receptacle and to much. shorter, non- septate to multiseptate, narrower hairs (25-30 x 2 um) the contents of which stain deeply in phloxine/KOH; medullary excipulum of thin-walled, hyaline textura porrecta, becoming brown-walled at base of stipe, ori- ented parallel to stipe axis, cells 3-10 pm broad. STRO- MA in nature discrete oval sclerotia, ca. 1-1.5 mm long, raised, but collapsing on drying, brittle; rind envelop- ing both dorsal and ventral surfaces, one to two cells thick, of brown-walled textura globulosa, with athe outer walls more heavily melanized, cells 7-10 ym in diam; medulla in two zones, the inner zone of hyaline, thin-walled textura intricata enveloping host vessel elements and incorporating some amorphous. material, presumably remnants of digested host tissue, cells 4-5 ym broad; the outer zone composed of hyaline textura oblita with shorter cells than those in the inner zone and with »thick, gelatinized walls, up to 5: am “hiek where two adjacent walls coalesce.
CULTURE: Ascospores of CUP-MM 2273 were germinated
timmnasse-on IDIT CO iPotatoy Dextrose Agar. Cultures jwere Takenwearom sthemiield towCorne:l SUniversity,., where “they WweLemitansrerred: to 9 ‘cm plastic! petri, dishes containing DUPCOM Malt “Agar;, -DIhCO” Low: spi Mycological ‘Agar, and. DIFCO High pH Mycological Agar, After three weeks Of incubation at room temperature under ambient light conditions, large (0.5-2 cm long), discrete sclerotia were «formed on malt agar, small sclerotia on Low pH agar, aNd no, sclerotia .On sHighwpH Gacar; all ‘cultures produced thick mats of white mycelium bearing a Myrio- eonlum. | microconidial” ahamorph. ini» an. “attempt to mrauce. = iormation’ ~of a-\conidial “anamorph, cultures wenomencupated Flt. a sorowth. “chamber. at 15 -C ‘under Ga. 21,000" lux mixed incandescent and ‘flourescent light. While no conidial anamorph was produced, after approxi- mately two months apothecia developed in the cultures on malt agar. Subsequent microanatomical study of the sclerotia showed marked dorsiventral differentiation; the dorsal rind is similar to that described from sclero- ifaw round in. nature, but the. ventral rind is composed of a loose weft of dark brown-walled prosenchyma. ine-emedulia’ ts composed of “textura oblita with thick; Perauinized = walis, but is “loosely interwoven "in “the ateamadjacent to the ventral rind. The entire sclerotium Dreduceds im. culture is (overlaid by a thick layer of white mycelium incorporating rhomboidal crystals ‘and sporodochia of the Myrioconium anamorph.
HOMOMY PES ReP. Kort, “eM. Kohn, N. Korf & A. Y. Ross— man, under Vaccinium, Ribeiro Frio, Madeira, Portugal, Ziv 19/3. (CUP=MM: 2273).
KNOWN MACARONESIAN DISTRIBUTION MADEIRA. Madeira. CUP-MM 2272, 2273 (holotype), 2349.
SUBSTRATA: Under Vaccinium (CUP-MM 2273, 2349); under lily (Liliaceae) (CUP-MM 2272).
Notes: On making these collections under Vaccinium Gideaa lily bin late “spring, our initial identification as a species of Botryotinia awaited only development of a Botrytis conidial anamorph in cultures made from ascospores. Subsequent cultural studies have failed to yield a Botrytis anamorph, or any other conidial anamorph save the Myrioconium '"microconidial" state ubiquitous among members of the Sclerotiniaceae. This species is consequently accommodated in the genus Cibo-
10
rinia, where it is described as new. Future collections of this species may establish the host/substrate relation- Ship more clearly; unfortunately the host material in these collections is fragmentary and well-decayed.
LAMBERTELLA von Hodhnel 1918 Key to the known Macaronesian species 1. On dead branches of Myrica faya ....2. L. myricae
PRPS OT COTTIER HOSTS 7 2 srace ere ote ho dena te oe eee Sten ann oa rane at en Z
2(1'). Ascospores finely punctate, banded. 1. L. corni-maris 2'(1'). Ascospores not ornamented, not banded ..3
S027 yi Apothecia bearing bulbous-based hairs with SUID PAILS) By sag ee aleve el ed hte tes eve ete ole’ ots Oo. Ll ezeéy lanier suv2! ie Apothecia’ net, bearing such “hairs ...2..) een 4
4(3'). Ascospores 13.3-16.1 x 3.7-5.9 pm, with- out a gel sheath 4. Lambertella sp. 1734 4'(3'). . Ascospores. 8.0-9.5 x. 3.2-4.2. megwien Aree lies iad uth. <ic ss 5. Lambertella sp. 1959
1. Lambertella corni-maris Héhn., Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Klz, “Abtc’ "23 127: Ss LOO RECENT TAXONOMIC TREATMENTS: Dumont (1971). PREVIOUS MACARONESIAN RECORDS: None. TYPE LCOCALIT Ye ‘Austrias KNOWN MACARONESIAN DISTRIBUTION CANARY ISLANDS. La Palma. CUP-MM 671. SUBSTRATUM: unidentified petiole. Notes: Ascospores were yellow-brown
and germinated on water agar by single germriubes in) 24) hvs.
L. corni-maris, 4 ascospores, CUP- MM 671, x 1000.
ata
ae Lambertella myricae Dennis & Spooner in Dennis, Reid and Spooner, Kew Bull. 32: 113. 1977.
RECENT “TAXONOMIC TREATMENTS: * Dennis & al. (1977). PREVIOUS MACARONESIAN RECORDS: *Dennis & al. (1977).
KNOWN MACARONESIAN DISTRIBUTION *AZORES. *Terceira. *Dennis & al., 26.iii1.75 n.v.
SUBSTRATUM: Dead branch of Myrica faya Ait.
Notes: The type (only known) specimen was not avail- Bolen stOmeus cirom Kew, owhere= it 1S) con) deposit, “~since ij Dace already “been ‘studied and’ annotated by Dr. Ket wamoemont at ithe New ‘York Botanical Garden. Kew Hramnor provide scoplies Of nis notes’ for our -examination. Detloer tne caescripconm and illustration ‘of Dennis” & ‘al. (1977) and Dumont's (1971) classification, it would Kevemout vac Lea vapurne Whetzel’ & Dumont. in “Dumont. Dennis & al. note their species to be "evidently very close" to L. viburni.
3. Lambertella cfr. zeylanica Dumont, Mem. New York Bote Gard. 22%. 167. 1971.
RECENT TAXONOMIC TREATMENTS: Dumont (1971).
PREVIOUS MACARONESIAN RECORDS: None.
pe Pee OCAW NY: 2Cevyion ;
KNOWN MACARONESIAN
DISTRIBUTION
CANARY ISLANDS.
Tenerife. CUP-MM 410. SUBSTRATUM: On leaf blade. Pambertella cfr. zeylanica, ascus with ascospores, 2 hairs
from flank, CUP-MM 410, -x 1000.
12
Notes: As in the type collection of Lambertella_ zeylani- ca, there are no brown ascospores within. ascr iy thee ‘small collection. Having examined the holotype of L. zey- lanica (CUP-SA 3215), we find the size of the hyaline spores in CUP-MM 410 similar to the hyaline spores in that type. The larger, brown, discharged ascospores in the type collection were not seen in our collecticn from Tenerife. The acuminate hairs borne on the apothe- cial flanks in CUP-MM 410 have much thicker walls than those in CUP-SA 3215 and «some «collapse “oi @ceul lumen is evident in phloxine/KOH mounts. Our determi- Nation can only bei provisional.
4. Lambertella sp. 1734
RECENT TAXONOMIC) TREATMENTS: None.
PREVIOUS MACARONESIAN RECORDS:
None.
KNOWN MACARONESIAN DISTRIBUTION AZORES. Sao Miguel. CUP-MM 1734. Lambertella sp. 1734
SUBSTRATUM: On Rubus sp. in l-septate hyaline as-
spray. cospores and 3-sep-
tale, pale brown-
Notes: QAPOTHECTAMccathered: widise walled germinating
Shallowly concave in youth, at ascospore, CUP-MM maturity plane to somewhat con- P34 ee LOCO
Vex, Up. to 1-3) mm, in diam; hy—
menium warm reddish brown, margin darker than hyme- hium, somewhat raised, exciple concolorous; ‘stipe con=— colorous with disc, 0.5 x 13 mm. STROMA an indetermi- nate blackened area; no stromatic cells were observed in sections. ECTAI EXCIPULUM up: ‘to. 35 jam wide mareng flanks, ‘of hyaline textura angularits, to) texturamolopamics Sa,, cells’ up tow200 jim in “diam! zone narrowine (aca gin and there composed of occasionally inflated textura prismatica; stipe of same tissue. types as flanks, Sywitn fine, hyaline hairs produced at the base. MEDULLARY EXCIPULUM up to 328 ym wide at flanks, of hyaline textura intricata, cells, 2-3 jam wide, | Stipe of hyatine textura porrecta ‘oriented parallel to: stipe’ axis, Jeells 2-3 ym wide. SUBHYMENIUM poorly differentiated. ASCI
3
arising from croziers, clavate, 80-85 x 7-10 'ym, ascus pore channel strongly J+, apices thickened (2-3 pm), 8-spored. ASCOSPORES biseriate at first, then biseriate mbover and uniseriate’ below, “finally uniSeriate and filling most of the ascus, fusoid-ellipsoid with one Oey pon “endse tapering, 13.3-10sl x 3./-5.9 pm, one-sep— tate and hyaline within asci, pale brown and 3-septate at germination. PARAPHYSES filiform, once-brn]Janched, septate, 1.5 pm broad, not exceeding asci.
Although no brown ascospores were observed within asci, after discharge, at germination, ascospores become Davemmooowhe ‘and. “tnrec-seprate. ihe ectal sexctpulum temecomposea “of. téexttra’ angularis with cells “inflated DutnotL quite so lobose.) ‘Apothecia .‘do“nots appear to: arise trom a stroma, though the host surface’ is blackened; thes eeackened! areas ‘eseem: 'to be ‘a irather ‘superficial crusteaswith no ‘stromatal ‘cells in evidence’ at the junc- tion of stipe and host. The brown-walled ascospores and stubciborioid “exciple suggest affinities (in, Lambertel-— Ta though -this fungus does not fully conform’ to any ‘species circumscription in that genus.
5. Lambertella sp. 1959 RECENT TAXONOMIC TREATMENTS: None. PREVIOUS MACARONESIAN RECORDS: None.
KNOWN MACARONESIAN DISTRIBUTION AZORES. Terceira. CUP-MM 1959. MADEIRA. Madeira. CUP-MM 2355.
SUBOLRATAz{ On capsules: of sEucalyptus spp.
Norests | AVOPHECITAY scattered, .-istipitate-cupulate,, “disc Zamm inadiam, hymentum> umber; exciple darker ochrace— SUomeDCOWMs Stipe -Varliapleyim lenoth; “up to’ 2emm) long, tortuous, ochraceous brown, bearing short hairs, dark brown at base. STROMA not observed on the host, the Pict ee waxye .culicle’ sofiythe capsule “nupturedifonly «at iiewesive Oly Stipe attachment; the ostipe’ base, vcomposed of a medulla of textura intricata-textura oblita with Gelatinized jwalls,: enveloped by an ‘ectal» excipulum of dark brown-walled textura globulosa, may constitute the stroma. ECTAL EXCIPULUM 60 pm wide at the flanks,
14
Lambertella sp. 1959, paraphysis, ascus apex, 8 ascospores, section through flank of apothecium showing outermost cells of ectal excipulum Giving rise to halite mew. | MM 1959 5x. 1000.
of pale brown-walled, minutely granularly roughened textura prismatica with cells somewhat inflated (barrel- shaped), at flanks cells arranged in chains perpendi- cular to face of receptacle; “towards “margin exci ofcells ‘at a’ more facutes angle’ ito) thes %suriacewecer. up? to 26.5 x 8:0. qm, outermost ‘cells’ joivinie, iicepee hyaline to pale brown-walled, 2-3-celled, occasionally eranularily roughened hairs up to 35 um long) bearing a clavate, sometimes thick-walled apical ‘cell; \maram of dark brown-walled textura prismatica in chains av fa low! vangle to’ the “excipulammsurtaces eels Umar Dum broad. MEDULLARY” EXCIPULUM: “al compacta zone, up to 85 pm wide, of superficially granularly rough- ened, hyaline textura intricata, cells .227-5.3 ym bread. SUBHYMENIUM 48 ym wide, composed of hyaline, granu- larly. -roughened ttextura’ intricata, |) cells)" ).6=2: 7am broad. ASCI arising from croziers, clavate, (60-) 70-78 x (5.8-) 7.0-8.0 ym, pore channel wall J+, apices thickened (up to 4.2 pm), 8-spored. ASCOSPORES uniseri- ate (occasionally partially biseriate), narrowly ellipsoid tolyreniform tor lacryform, 6.0-9.5 x 3.2-4.2 jim; hyaline within asci, golden brown at germination, bi- to multi- suttulate,;, bearing: a prominent gel ‘sheath up” to Oo ais thick= ‘/PARAPHYSES ifiiliform, simple, ‘septate, 4 "Un tome
1s
PeoaG “dt apices, not exceeding “asci ol IPE: | ectal.jexci- pulum 3-4 cells thick, of brown-walled, brick-shaped Foumcub¢globose bcells Sorientéd yy paralte! to ‘stipe ‘axis, Pelle Up v1tO.0 um) brodd,, ourermost cells occasionally Giving =Gise sto clavate, | 1-Z-celled jhairs 20-25. um.) long; medullary excipulum of hyaline, thin-walled, superficial- iyvecranularly roughened \textura (porrecta oriented more Mumess. parailel’ to the stipe *axis:
CUP-MM 2355, also on capsules of Eucalyptus but collec- ted in Madeira, is similar to CUP-MM 1959 from the PzZeress. Upon. which this ‘description 1s baséd;. but, dif— fers in several important respects: (1) the apothecia Coemoiaiieru (ca. linm in, diam), less. robust, and’ grey when dry, though warm brown when rehydrated; (2) the “cells of the excipulum ‘are shorter, narrower, and excepmamror the hairs’ are oriented parallel to the excipu— lar surface; (3) the ascospores are larger (10 x 3 ym) pee cvecularly ) biguttulate. “Since bethr collections are small, it is questionable whether these differences fall Witirieetic: "ranve or Variation of “one Species or serve to separate two distinct species.
LANZIA Saccardo 1884
Key to the known Macaronesian species
ie cChRO-epoLred: on husks of Castanea. 2. feiss eiec 5 a’ o's she Ie Lanzia sp; 137 ie. easct, G-spored;,on leaf blade. 2. Lanzia sp. 409
ie eeLanzia sp. 137 RECENT TAXONOMIC TREATMENTS: None. PREVIOUS MACARONESIAN RECORDS: None. KNOWN MACARONESIAN DISTRIBUTION: CANARY ISLANDS. Tenerife. CUP-MM 137.
SUBSTRATUM: On needles of the husks of Castanea sativa Mill.
Notes: APOTHECIA solitary, associated with stromatized patches on the host, deeply cupulate in youth, becoming
16
Lanzia sp. “137.7 “ascus and’ #asec— spores’ in *“Melzer’s ireagent,” pdasa— physis, ‘two hairs: “from “the Stipe, three hairs from apothecial flank, CUP-MM 137, x 1000.
(LE ESS
shallowly .cupulate at maturity; disc reddish brown, wp». to, -O./5 mm in diam; stipe. reddish. brown, p< toward the base, up to 1 mm long. ECTALSEXCieUauUM composed, of two jzones:; an outer (zone (3-4) céelismaiiic. of hyaline to light brown-walled, occasionally granular- ly roughened, brick-shaped cells 3-6 ym broad, the outermost cells giving rise to hyaline to light brown- walled, septate hairs 20-40 pm long usually terminating in a clavate cell; the inner zone 20-30 um wide, tapering off at the margin, of hyaline to light brown-walled brick-shaped to inflated (more or less globose) cells which are up. to 10 ym in diam; ectaly excipuloimapoe the stipe composed of brick-shaped, brown-walled, gran- ularly roughened cells “oriented parallel to sthesscume axis, cells up to 5 pm broad, outermost cells occasional— ly giving rise to one-— to multicelled tomentaum hyphae, cells at’ base) of ‘stipe, globose; up to tlO spmoin diade with thick, brown walls. MEDULLARY EXCIPULUM a loose layer ca. 60 ym wide at flanks, of hyaline to light brown-walled textura intricata, coarsely granularly roughened, cells up to 7 ym broad; stipe of brown-wal- led, coarsely granularly roughened prosenchyma oriented parallel tosthe stipe axis, graduating into 7a commac.
Ley
textura intricata at the stipe base. SUBHYMENIUM a compact layer 25 wm wide of hyaline textura intricata, cells 1-2 ym broad. ASCI arising from croziers, 40-60 x 6-7 pm, clavate, apices thickened (up to 3 ym), J+ with ascus pore channel wall turning pale blue (darker Dime below, and “appearing sas “a’-dark blue: ring or as two dots at the pore channel base), 8-spored. ASCO- SHORES suni—~ Yor biseriate, =" hyaline; ovoid-ellipsoid, 7-9 (-10) x (2-) 3 (-4) pm, minutely biguttulate. PARA- PHYSES “filiform or’ with “apices :slightly swollen,’ 1 jam DLoad.ersimple vor “branched, ‘septate, "not exceeding asc, ROMAN possibly *"imited™ 410) Ystipe Wbase; “stromatized patches on host of doubtful relationship to apothecia.
Virontunately. thes ‘collection, upon jwhich = this, description ioe Dasced 1s. too small, to jconstitute .a type specimen. We sweurd shave dedicated thes new species to J. T-: Pal— mer, whose research on chestnut-burr ‘''Rustroemia"' Sop. eUrOpen nas. been; serithorough. the sdistinctive thick-walled hairs, tiny biguttulate spores and granu- larly roughened medullary excipulum preclude assign- MeMemtOn any. Species, ipresently., described, ‘in, Lanzia. Omgethne .assumplion.= that spores in. this collection. may jolla eG aspeen immature enough) to ~reveal.. pigmentation, accommodation in Lambertella was also _ considered, although no presently recognized species of that genus matcenes, our pcollection’ either. Cultural studies are need- Somtouselucidate thew relationship sor the: “Stromata, ‘to, the apotnectas it should be “sought again “in#?enerife.
2. Lanzia sp. 409
RECENT TAXONOMIC
TREATMENTS: None. \
U Lanzia sp. 409,
PREVIOUS MACARONESIAN 4-spored ascus,
RECORDS: None. 0 CUP-MM 409, x
1000. KNOWN MACARONESIAN DISTRIBUTION
CANARY ISLANDS.
Tenerife. CUP-MM 409.
SUBSTRATUM: On leaf blade.
Notes: APOTHECIA solitary from small stromata, disc reddish-brown, 0.5 mm in diam, darker at margin;
18
Stipe reddish brown, 190 x 150 ym. STROMA a small; black, disc-shaped area on the adaxial leaf surface; rind covering the dorsal stromatal surface only, com- posed of a single layer of globose cells with outermost cell walls melanized; medulla poorly developed with minimal hyphal invasion of subtending host tissues. ECTAL EXCIPULUM “of, -three. layers: «the. outer layer gaae 6.4 ym wide along flanks, of light brown textura por- recta) “turning outt.at, ia -~high Vamgle to “the Vexcipura. surface, cells 1.0-1.6 wm broad; middle layer two cells thick of (light. brown,.textura prismatica, with eeu somewhat inflated, 3.0-5.8 wm broad, oriented parallel to receptacle surface; inner layer 8 ym broad, of light brown textura porrecta, cells 2.7-3.2 pm broad; margin of dark brown-walled and somewhat interwoven textura porrecta; stipe ‘composed, of “hyaline “textura 7 pormecra parallel’ to the Stipe axis, “cells °2-/-3./7 sim jotocaus MEDULLARY EXCIPULUM of loosely interwoven, — Jigs brown-walled textura intricata, cells 2-3.5 wm _ broad. SUBHYMENTUM poorly differentiated. ASCI “from vepeatiie croziers, clavate, 60-70 x 3-4 wm, pore channel wall faintly J+, apices thickened (up to 3 wpm), 4-spored. ASCOSPORES uniseriate, hyaline, ellipsoid, 2-3-multi- euttulate, ~$.0-8°5° x 2.2~-3.0 jam. PARAPHYSES “filitarm., septate, sparsely jbranched,. 1) jm. broad.. ‘not Vexceedaa asci.
In ‘the absence of pigmented ascospores, jwhicheemay bei due to immaturity of this collection, placementiaia Lambertella is ruled out and this species is provisional- ly accommodated in Lanzia. While the 4-spored asci and complex excipular ‘structure: set this species apane the’ collection’ upom which this’ «descriptionw is =basea is too meagre to constitute a type specimen. I[dentifica— tion of the host and cultural studies also await acqui- sition of additional material.
MOELLERODISCUS P. Hennings 1902 = Ciboriopsis Dennis 1962 Key to the known Macaronesian species 1. Excipular tissues of apothecia light blue in Melzer's
reagent after pretreatment: in: 10% KOH) 2g ec eee 2 i Excipulars tyssues: -notiysoy reacting @5c.si aes ore 3
1
2(1). Ascus epiplasm purple in Melzer's reagent. 1. M. iodotingens subsp. iodotingens 2'(1). Ascus epiplasm not so reacting. 2. M. iodotingens subsp. canariensis
Olle. Ascospores 3.7-5.9 (-6.6) x 1.5 pm; apothecia on line stromata on leaves of Hedera helix.
3. M. hederae
3'(1'). Ascospores (5.6-) 6.3-8.1 x 1.4-2.2 ym; apothecia
OM ppetioles, midribs, tear blades, Vand -mummied
stone fruits. 4. Moellerodiscus sp. 1881
1. Moellerodiscus IODOTINGENS Kohn ®& Korf, sp. nov. subsp. IODOTINGENS
RECENT TAXONOMIC TREATMENTS: None. PREVIOUS MACARONESIAN RECORDS: None.
Bpernecia ‘solitaria vel dispersa, )in -foldorum Jaminis’, venis, petiolisque putrescentibus stromate infectis; recep-—- taculum cupulatum vel plano-convexum depressionem centralem praebens, 2-3 mm in diam., discus ochraceo-—brunneis, in sicco brunneolescens; receptaculi parietes disco pallidius ochraceo-brunnei, furfuracei; stipes 1-2 mm longus, saltem ad basin atrobrunneus. Excipulum ectale 20-60 yp latum, in gelatina inclusum, ex zonis duabus compositum, zona interiore ex textura porrecta ad superficiem receptaculi parallela formata, parietibus tenuibus, cellulis 2-3 yp Pacis, .20na exteriore «x textura globulosa vel “angulari pallide brunnea formata in catenis ad superficiem receptacu- li parallelis ordinata, cellulis 3-8 p latis, gelatina in substantia reagente Melzerana coerulescente post usum 10% KOH antecedentum; cellulae extimae pilos moniliformes ad 70 yp longos hyalinos vel parietibus pallide brunneis praeditos, interdum granulari-incrustatos, efferentes, quibus pilis abundantissimis ad marginem ubi fere semper parietibus brunneis praediti sunt; stipitis cellulae ecta- les ad axin stipitis perpendiculariter extentae, in gelati- na inclusae, pilos moniliformes parietibus brunneis praedi- tos efferentes, cellulis parietibus atrobrunneis praeditis ad basin stipitis repertis. Excipulum medullare in latitudi- variabile, ex textura intricata parietibus pallide brunneis praedita ad superficiem receptaculi plus minusve parallela, cellulis 1-2 yp latis, plerumque’ granulari-incrustatis, cellularum contento in substantia reagente Melzerana purpur- eo; stipitis excipulum medullare eo receptaculi simile,
20
v
M. iodotingens subsp. iodotingens, young ascus, with repeating crozier, CUP-MM 2091, x 1000; ascus apex showing blueing of ascus pore channel wall in Melzer's reagent after pretreatment in 10%, KOH, 3 “ascospores, ‘excipulum near ‘the margin, vandged hair from lower on the receptacle, CUP-MM 1880, x 1000.
cellulis 2—3 jy latis exceptis. Asci clavati, ex aincas enati, 8-spori, 50-60 x 5-7 p, epiplasmate in substantia reagente Melzerana purpureo, apice incrassato (3 wp), pori canalis pariete dilute J+ sine usu KOH antecedente, reactio- ne aucta cum usu 10% KOH antecedente. Ascosporae ellipsoi- deae, hyalinae, biguttulati, 7-8.8 (-10.2) x 2-3 p, biseria- ti, germinatione tubos germinales formantes in conformatio-— ne quae "crux coptica’’ dicitur. Paraphyses subclavatae, 1 p latae, simplices, septatae, ascos in longitudine non excedentes.
APOTHECIA solitary to scattered on decaying stromatized leaf blades, veins, and petioles; receptacle cupulate to plano-convex with a central depression, 2-3 mm in diam; disc ochraceous brown drying to /tan; surface of receptacle paler ochraceous brown than disc, furfura- ceous; stipe 1-2 mm long, dark brown at least at base. ECTAL EXCIPULUM 20-60 ym wide, bound in gel, of two zones: the inner zone of thin-walled textura porrec- ta turning out perpendicularly to the surface of the receptacle, cells 2-3 pm broad; outer zone of pale brown
Z1
texturade ClObuUlOsa to “{texturay “anguldaris, “oriented ~ in Giaviceeper pendicular (tom the “surface of the “receptacle, cells 3-8 ym broad, gel turning blue in Melzer's reagent following pretreatment in 10% KOH; outermost cells giving rise to hyaline to light brown-walled moniliform hairs Upsmron 7/0 sum “longo, Voccasionally (granularly roughened, most abundant at the margin where hairs are almost always brown-walled; ectal cells of stipe turning out Deependrcular toe the “stipe axis, bound in gel; giving rise to brown-walled moniliform hairs, dark brown-wal- ledmrceliompresent sat, tne base sou stipe. MEDULLARY EXCl PULUM variable in breadth, of pale brown-walled textura iivireata Torlented, snore, or esse parallel (to receptacic surface, cells f-2 yim broad, usually granularly rough-— ened, seal! contents purple in’ (Melzer ‘s, reagent; medulla-— nyeexmulum of “the stipe same as that of the recepta-— elemre xcept «cells, 2-37 4im "Droad. “ASCI*"clavate, arising from croziers, 8-spored, 50-00, xX) 5-7) m,. epiplasm Purple in 7Melzer's’ “reagent, “apex thickened ‘(up to 3 ym), pore channel wall faintly J+ without KOH pretreat- mene, reaction: enhanced ‘with pretreatment in 10% KOH. PocOo ORES biseriate, ellipsoid, hyaline, biguttulate, Fe0=0.07 (~10.2) bx 2.0-3.0' 4im,: germinating in a’ ‘'Coptic Cross conficuration much later followed by production Cimamseoingie —cerm “tube. PARAPHYSES ‘subclavate, 1.0 Mimpnoade simple, septate, not exceeding “asc in, length.
MOCO hele Kort, (L.Me ekohn, N.- Kort & °A.Y. Ross= Mange Ol decaying, stromatized leaf blades, veins, and iMeproles ms ecUlliavated Garden, ~Cabo ‘da. Praia, Tercéira, Azores, Portugal, 8.iv.1978. (CUP-MM 1880) (K, TFC: ISOTYPES.) (ISOTYPES will also be distributed in Korf & Gruff, Discomycetes Exsiccati. )
KNOWN MACARONESIAN DISTRIBUTION AZORES. | Flores. CUP-MM 2070, 2091, 2146, 2188 (TFC). Sado Miguel. CUP-MM 1739. Terceira. CUP-MM 1880 (holotype, isotypes), 1603, 119235592002", MADEIRA. Madeira. CUP-MM 2271.
Subot RATA: orxdecaying, stromatized leaf blades, veins and petioles of Myrica faya, ? Pittosporum’ sp., Hedera helix, etc., and on herbaceous stems.
Le
Notes: The tissues blueing in Melzer's reagent (at least after pretreatment in 10% KOH) and the _ biguttulate ascospores distinguish this species from M. tenuistipes (Schroet.) Dumont. The larger ascospores and abundant moniliform hairs easily distinguish it from M. musae Dumont. Reactions in Melzer's reagent are particularly striking in this species: with pretreatment in 10% KOH the ectal excipulum consistently turns light to medium blue, in Melzer's reagent; without ‘pretreatmentagc contents of all. tissue zones are purple-browm iieg@iae reagent.
The, “Coptic cross” spore germination Sonemag@ as: was consistently noted for many of the collections that were cultured, both in this subspecies and in M. iodo- tingens subsp. canariensis (see photograph under that subspecies). We have no explanation for this elaborate form of germination, usually seen within 24 hours: Only after 48 to 72 hours (at ambient room temperatures in our field hotel/laboratories) does further Vhypias development ensue, with usually a single, long germtube Observed ‘from any one ‘spore. Except for melanized cells. around ‘thes base of the stipe; associalion@wiue stromatized substrata is purely circumstantial, since no stromatie tissue has been, produced.’ in] our “cures derived from ascospores.
Ze Moellerodiscus iodotingens Kohn & Korf in Kohn subsp. CANARIENSIS Kohn, subsp. nov.
RECENT TAXONOMIC TREATMENTS: None. PREVIOUS MACARONESIAN RECORDS: None.
Subspeciei typicae fere omni ex parte conveniens, sed apotheciis aurantio-brunneis, excipulo ectali zona interio- re carente, et contento cellularum in zonis omnibus recepta-— culi non purpurascente in substantia reagente Melzerana differt. Huius subspeciei distributio ad Insulas Canarien- ses limitata.
Agreeing with the description of Moellerodiscus iodotin- ens» subsp. iodotingens, in all respects except Tommie orange-brown color of the apothecia, lack of an inner zone Of the, ectal, excipulum,, and -lack»of+a purplegnaams tion, in Melzer’s’ reagent: of (cell vcontéentsin Malle zone- Of the $receptacle..', Distribution, of ithe. .subspectcema:- contined, to the, Canary -lslands.
23
M. iodotingens subsp. ca- nariensis, 6 ascospores (3 separated, 3 discharged in a group) germinating on Water -aGar in. COptic Cross | Contiguratiom 12° hours” “atter being © discharged; ~ CUP—-MM 1300 mex OOO UDOLOs* (ills Korf).
ROlOMiEE: ok.b., Kort, WC. “Denison, LeM.s. Kohn & M.A. Sherwood, on leaf blades of Prunus lusitanica L., west of Fuente de las Pulgas, Las Yedras, Monte de las Mercedes, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain, 12.i.1976. (CUP-—MM 545)
KNOWN MACARONESIAN DISTRIBUTION CANARY ISLANDS. La Palma. CUP-MM 670. Tenerife. CUP-MM 296, 445, 446, 545 (holotype), Cole) GhEC) 9) 00/7, 000e LISI, 1186, “1309, 1310.
SUBSTRATA: On leaf blades and petioles of Prunus lusi- tanica L. and of undetermined hosts.
Notes:), Our field notes for spore germination in the collection from La Palma indicate germination by a emolei.cerm: tube in .24 hours. All other collections for which spore germination was observed showed the typical ‘Coptic cross'' germination shown in the _ photo- Sraph above, just as in the typical subspecies. It is certainly possible that we overlooked "Coptic cross" eermination jin’ =the La... Palma’ collection, - but.‘ normal Werm tubes are not reeorded by us for other collections until at least 48 to 72 hours after discharge. The possi- bility of MM-670 representing yet another taxon cannot be ignored.
3. Moellerodiscus HEDERAE Korf & Kohn, sp. nov. RECENT TAXONOMIC TREATMENTS: None.
PREVIOUS MACARONESIAN RECORDS: None.
24
Stroma in materia viva stroma-lineare irregulare cum apothe- ciis associatum; cortes ex cellulis saturatae pigmentosis, aspectu frontali epidermoideis, composita. Apothecia solita- ria vel dispersa, in paginis foliorum et adaxialibus et ab- axialibus reperta, breviter stipitata; receptaculum patelli- forme, 1.25-2 mm in diam.; discus rufus, in sicco brunneo- lescens; margo integer, elevatus, disco obscurius brunneus; receptaculi parieties. in sicto wuiis) furfuracelsec pe. brevissimus, denigratus. Excipulum ectale zona est 25-50 yp lata, composita ex textura globulosa parietibus tenuibus pal- lide brunneis praedita, cellulis 10-30 p in diam.; continuum ad marginem ubi cellularum parietes saturatius pigmen- VEE tosae sunt, cellulis exti- Gy mis processus 2-cellulares () vel pluricellulares, fili- formes vel clavatos, 10-20
p longos et interdum aggre- gatos in fasciculos produ- centibus. Excipulum medul- lare ex stratis duobus com- positum, zone interiore 50- 80 p lata, ex texturag n= tricata laxe intertexta formata, cellularum parie- tibus pallide brunnea ad superficiem receptaculi pa- rallela’ formata, celtutis 3-8 p latis, grosse granu- lari-incrustatis. Subhyme- nium zona est mediocriter distincta, ex catenis unco- rum iteratorum maxima pro parte composita. Asci cy- lindrici ‘vel ‘*subelavata- ex uncis enati, 8-spori, 36-44 x 2.9 wp, apice in- crassati, pori canalis pa- riete tenuiter J+ non nisi cum usu 10% KOH anteceden- te. Ascospori hyalini, an- guste ellipsoidei, 3.7-5.9
M. hederae, ectal and medullary excipulum, as- cus;,, »paraphysis, | 5se@tcee ascospores, CUP-MM 2147, x 1000.
Zo
(-6.6) x 1.5 p, oblique uniseriati vel biseriati. Paraphy- Ses comparate |.paucac, filiformes, \séptatae, 0.5 p, latae, ascos longitudine non excedentes.
STROMA in fresh material an irregular line stroma asso- ciated with apothecia; rind composed of deeply pigmented Ccollcuewhich »areg epidermoid in, face) view...) APOTHECIA SOulahy wlOumscattered. ,occurrings son eboth gadaxialy and abaxial sides -of leaves, short stipitate; receptacle patelliform, 1.25-2.0 mm in diam; disc reddish brown divin CestOmtancaemaroin:. entire, -elevated..idarker brown thane disc;. sides. of, receptacle. reddish brown when dry, hurturaceous; Stipe very short, blackened. ECTAL EXCI- BULUM A a. ezone 24.-/-50) fim, awide,, of thin-walled,, light brown-walled textura globulosa, cells 10-30 pm in diam, cContinuang to,wmargin) where» cell (walls are’'more deeply Pigmemmed; outermost cells giving rise ito 2—, to ‘several- celled filiform to; clavate: processes. 10-2Z0epim long and occasionally grouped in fascicles. MEDULLARY EXCIPULUM composed of two layers: the inner zone, 50-80 pm_ broad, Ciloosely interwoven textura intricata, cell walls light brown, cells 3-4 ym broad; outer: zone, 20-30 ym broad, Olemetighty brown - textura, porrecta, oriented parallel: “to the surface of the receptacle, cells 3-8 wm broad with coarsely granular incrustations. SUBHYMENIUM a poorly daiiienentiated m zone. | composed) ~ primarily oft chains. of Pepcaeinge. Croziers. a), AoC! | cylindrical. ‘to tsubclavate;, arising from croziers, 8-spored, 36-44 x 2.9 pm, ascus apex thickened, pore channel wall weakly J+ only after pustncatmenta, with.) 10%ieKOH..- ASCOSPORES wobliquely. > uni— seriate or biseriate, hyaline, narrowly ellipsoid, 3.7-5.9 (-6.6) x 1.5 pm. PARAPHYSES relatively few, tilitorm, septate. 0.5 im broad; not exceeding asci in length.
Morons Reise KOrk, UsM.. Kohn, No JNorfi& A. Y.. Ross— Moatmemonw= leaves “of » Hedera ~ helix, “iLayes das Flores, Flores, Azores, Portugal, 14.iv.1978. (CUP-MM 2147)
KNOWN MACARONESIAN DISTRIBUTION AZORES: Flores. CUP-MM 2147 (holotype).
Notes: The narrowly ellipsoid ascospores, lack of a strong ascus pore channel ‘reaction in Melzer's reagent, and association with a line stroma with epidermoid cells Prmtace »View «Seleathis “species apart. fromas previously described species of Moellerodiscus. While the granular-
26
ly roughened textura -porrecta just inside ~the * globose cells of the ectal’ excipulum has. -been consideredy sb, others (Dumont, 1976; Spevak and Korf, 1966) to be an inner, layer of the ectal excipulum,, dn -thigpspeci- the layer appears to be more continuous with the medullary excipulum and is described here’ as an Jourer layer of that zone. Further comments on the nature of the stroma await cultural studies from future collec- tions, as unfortunately attempts to culture this material were unsuccessful: no germination was noted in 48 hours, and! single,, polar. germ tubés’tonly sone iota. times as long. as the spore were noted after, / daya, and the cultures failed to grow ‘further. “Another species of this genus, M. iodotingens subsp. iodotingens, occurs on leaves of this host under the same conditions (CUP- MM 2091, 2146), but is readily distinguished on field and microscopic characters.
4. Moellerodiscus sp. 1881 RECENT TAXONOMIC TREATMENTS: None. PREVIOUS MACARONESIAN RECORDS: None.
KNOWN MACARONESIAN DISTRIBUTION AZORES. Terceira. CUP-MM 1881 (K) (TFC), 1882.
SUBSTRATA: On~ midribs, petioles, and leaf blades, (CUP—-MM 1881) and stone fruit mummies (CUP-MM 1882).
Notes: APOTHECIA stipitate, arising from stromatized petioles, midribes, leaf blades, and mummified fruits; disc shallowly cupulate to plane, hymenium orange-brown when revived, "rosy-vinaceous" to "flesh" (Raynor) when. fresh, receptacle somewhat furfuraceous; _ stipe dark. brown, tapering from. the (base, off thes; recepeacian up to 4 mm long, thin. STROMA “mummioid,” of “indeter. minate blackened patches of host tissue; medulla of narrow (less than 1.0 wpm wide) hyaline prosenchyma disrupting host epidermal and cortical tissues (host cells displaced and/or broken down); rind composed of brown-walled textura angularis to textura globulosa, cells 4-10 yam in diam, covering only the dorsal surface of the stroma. , FETAL EXCIPULUM, up to: [30 pumisiwaide
27
Moellerodiscus sp. 1881, section through flanks showing globose ectal excipular cells giving rise to tomen- tum hyphae, ascus apex showing J+ reaction in Melzer's reagent after pre- treatment in 10% KOH, 9 ascospores, CUP-MM 1881, x 1000.
along flanks, narrowing to 16 pm at the margin; along flanks composed of hyaline, thin-walled textura globulo— sa, cells in chains perpendicular to the apothecial sur- face, cells up to 15 ym in diam, outermost cells giving rise to tomentum hyphae composed of chains of hyaline, globose to clavate cells; margin composed of prosenchyma parallel to the asci, giving rise to tomentum hyphae PomtOml oats lone, made up of chains of, brick-shaped fomeitated, salobose cells ‘and terminating with” a cla— vate cell. MEDULLARY EXCIPULUM a loose layer up to 440 ym wide along the flanks, of hyaline, pale brown- walled) textura intricata, cells up to, 4.0 yam broad; aummarcin a compact layer, of téextura porrecta’ parallel to the asci. SUBHYMENIUM poorly differentiated. ASCl Seisige irom: repeating croziers,. cylindrical,(”'55-/2) x 4-5 wm, ascus pore channel weakly J+ only after pre- treatment with 10% KOH, 8-spored. ASCOSPORES obliquely maiscutate,. narrowly \(.éllipsoid, one-celled, hyaline, P520-)),6.3-8.1 ~~ 1.4-2.2, um. -PARAPHYSES cylindrical, Bapie.s cepiate, b.0 1m wide, notJexceeding asci. ol IPE: ectal excipulum of light brown-walled textura prismati- Ca,, cells. somewhat inflated, oriented parallel to the stipe axis, cells up to 6.0 wm broad; outermost cells ear inc rise to multicellular hairs, \up: to. 45 ym long, weeciie ends. at -a, high. angle to .the- ‘stipe: axis, . the apical cell clavate and sometimes umbonate, longer hairs produced at the stipe base with dark brown, ecanularly encrusted, walls; medullary excipulum of Meaiine, textura intricata’ more or less parallel to the Stipe -axis,. cells 2-4 1m broad.
28
Since some.apothecia in these collections “were associated with mummified fruits, our preliminary gene- ric field identification was Monilinia. Isolates from a, “culture “derived sfrom a mass ‘of ascospores JorouwT on ‘DIFCO Malt ,Agar, High pH. Mycological Agar, ow pH Mycological Agar, and apples yielded no ‘conidiar anamorph except for a Myrioconium ''microconidial state." Although the stroma is “mummioid" (Whetzel, 1945), the small, narrow ascospores are unlike those produced by -specieés of Monilinia. In the. absence of (a) Monta anamorph this fungus must be accommodated in Moellero— discus; itS. ascospores. are unlike those ~of “Crbovias Many species of which occur on fruits. It 4s juniortumare that’ the, host is known only from fragments ‘of } lear, stem “and ‘fruit which could not “be identified. (Despite the ample material, the lack of a comprehensive mono- graph of Moellerodiscus and some hesitancy in assign- ing, at fo, that genus lead me to, avoid deseripinowe asm enewesDeCCLeS: alerthica time,
POCULUM Velenovsky 1934 emend. Dumont 1972 Key to the known Macaronesian species
(In cases where no stromatal tissue is apparent, the genus Crocicreas Fr. emend. Carpenter (Leotiaceae) should also be considered.)
Ale Percurrently proliferating, thick-walled. darkecetae produced..from /the- innerscellsofethe eetalre<c ome Li) Mea cheaite oe ntiteeie Ce 4. Poculum sp. 1385 Peri NOeESCLACs EDT OSECT Lat ociy 31 crstaieinpciere’s-+ siete sel «icicles see eee ys
Zl Ascus pore channel J-, even after pre- treatment in 10% KOH 1. 'Phialea'" calopus 2) (1).8 Ascus: pore «channel |+--\. «diate ee 3
3(2'). On cupules of Castanea sativa. 3. P. sydowianum SNe (2a) LE WOOK Beane tot rcs eaves ie cay acotpion teh ane 2. iP., (fiemun
tf. “'PhialeaY ctr. ‘calopus, (Fr?) :( Eri)y (Ovel.®, sane S0G.) BotssFrance 26: 234. > 1879.
= Rutstroemia calopus (Fr. : Fr.) Rehm in Ra- benhe > Krypts-Fly) Deutsch. shoes 2oamee Pitter 391/655 1593.
Z9
“Phialea" cfr. calopus, Sptregularly . «thickened
ascus apices, 5 asco- m
spores, CUP-MM 1373, x 1000.
“ ae J Pie at +2 Pe Oy Seneca
RECENT TAXONOMIC TREATMENTS: Carpenter (1981), Dennis (1956), White (1941).
PREVIOUS MACARONESIAN RECORDS: None. TYPE LOCALITY: Sweden.
KNOWN MACARONESIAN DISTRIBUTION CANARY ISLANDS. Gomera. CUP-MM 1373.
SUBSTRATA: On herbaceous stems.
Notes. ArOlTHECIA™ solitary ‘to “scattered from blackened Hoste tissue.) disc sup tor 2.5. mm. “in’ diam,. hymenium o— chraceous brown, margin darker brown, excipular sur- paces DUlierdisc narrowing to form a short stipe, 0.25-0.5 mm long, blackened at base. STROMA poorly differentia- reaeaitnough the suriace of the host is blackened around Eien ctipe, base; “hyphae “penetrating the host “epidermis of dark brown-walled prosenchyma. ECTAL EXCIPULUM MpmtOseoe une wide, bound “in “gel, ~of- thyaline textura gtticata, cells t-4:pm broad, giving rise to a “covering layer” 2-4 cells deep of hyaline prosenchyma oriented parallel to the excipular surface; at margin zone nar- rowing, cells light brown-walled. MEDULLARY EXCIPULUM 315 wm wide at flanks, of hyaline, thin-walled textura intricata; cells 6-11.5 ym wide. SUBHYMENIUM poorly pinterentiated, possibly bound tin. “cellw ASCI warising from repeating croziers, cylindrical, 85-150 x $-12.4 jm, Secuss pore Channel J—= “even after \ pretreatment with ied, scapices,, irregularly. thickened: sup #to (3.2: yam thick), cytoplasm dextrinoid to purplish in Melzer's reagent after pretreatment in 2% KOH, 8-spored. ASCO- SPORES biseriate, becoming uniseriate, hyaline, varia- ble, broadly ellipsoid to fusoid-ellipsoid, occasionally flattened on one side, bi- or multiguttulate (but then often with two, prominent, larger guttules), (9.5-)
30
13.0 (414.8) se(3.7-)) 5-7) (-6.4) am. PARABH YOR Seaet form, 1itum')broad,.'\.with a tip. 1.5. ym .brogd, exceedim. ascic sup, (to. 5:3 4am, . branched,.. ‘septates msl iyi aegecue excipulum of two zones: the outer zone a compact ''cover-— ing layer" 3-5 cells deep of thin-walled, non-gelatinized hyaline to light brown-walled prosenchyma originating from. cells ‘of -the)/inner.-ectal. zone,“ arranped tmormsa. less parallel to the stipe axis, with hyphal tips occasi- onally turning . out. to form «short, . septate =lomenuua hyphae, at base of stipe cells dark brown-walled, embedded ‘in brown, amorphous material; inner layer 50-80 ym wide, originating from medullary cells, of hyaline textura oblita with thick,” gelatinous” walla. medullary excipulum of hyaline, thin-walled, “textura intricata, not bound in gel, incorporating many rhomboi- dalverystals, cells up to. 8 um broad, -atspoint jonas tachment to host the cells more compact, possibly bound in gel, continuous with hyphae disrupting the host epidermis and penetrating subtending host tissues.
The icregularly thickened. ascus \apices anda accu pore channel ‘walls’ do ‘not agree with )the ‘concepiage: this species as illustrated by Dennis (1956), and our determination is thus ‘tentative. The taxonomic, status ol.uPeziza “calopus» br. i: Fr.-o is strl leer, “dois cae until a) monograph, of Poculum is completed, no. teansier of that epithet to Poculum seems advisable (see also Carpenter, 1981).
2: Poculum firmum (Pers. : Fr.) Dumont, Mycologia
68:2 0/0. 176.
= Rutstroemia firma (Pers. : Fr.) Karst., Bidra Kannedom Finlands Natur Folk 19: 108. 1871.
RECENT TAXONOMIC TREATMENTS: Dennis (1956), White (1941).
PREVIOUS MACARONESIAN RECORDS: *Berkeley (1874), +Beltrdn Tejera (1980).
ye ee LOCAL Ys ahUurope:
KNOWN MACARONESIAN DISTRIBUTION *CANARY ISLANDS. La Palma.) CUPSMM, 7/67, 790.3555 0 (TEGO) *Tenerife. *Feb. 1873, on dead wood, 3500 feet (K: specimen lost) n.v.
ot
various stages of develop- ment, some, producing: spér= matia, CUP-MM 767, x 1000.
O S Pe tirmiuns. © ascospores” al 5
SUBSTRATA: On twigs.
Noles ei bismaspecies, — common 1n Europe, (is ,as yet un= known to us from North America or Asia.
3% Poculum sydowianum (Rehm in Sydow) Dumont,
Mycologia 68: 872. 1976.
= Rutstroemia sydowiana (Rehm in Sydow) White, Mi Wiicydia W200. 1921.
RECENT TAXONOMIC TREATMENTS: Dennis (1956), Palmer (1964, 1968), White (1941).
PREVIOUS MACARONESIAN RECORDS: None.
fee OCA UL Ys: Germany -
KNOWN MACARONESIAN DISTRIBUTION P. sydowianum,
GANAKY ISLANDS. ascospores, CUP La Palma. CUP-MM 874. -MM 874, x 1000
SUBSTRATUM: On cupules of Castanea sativa Mill.
Notes: Castanea burrs should be sought in Macaronesia, Since not only this species but three others, all of which would have been referred to Rutstroemia in some Ireatments. [lianzia echinophila -(Bull. £ Fr.) Korf, Lan-— zia sp. 137 (above), and Ciboria americana Durand] are likely to occur wherever chestnut thrives. All four could be confused easily in the field.
4. Poculum sp. 1385 RECENT TAXONOMIC TREATMENTS: None.
PREVIOUS MACARONESIAN RECORDS: None.
o2
Poculum sp. 1385, 4 as- cospores, ascus | fapex showing blueing of pore channel wall in Mel- Ze oureagent. (section Ol gectalsexcipulum*) with Seta “inavearly.. 2—celled Stage, 7018 development, and base of multicellu- lan seta, soptical ssection of base of developing seta showing broken Wall SOL voriginal seta and percurrent prolife- ration of another seta, also with apex broken Olt, CUP-MM 1385, Spores and ascuS apex x 1000, others x 500.
KNOWN MACARONESIAN DISTRIBUTION CANARY ISLANDS. Gomera. CUP-MM 1385.
SUBSTRATUM: On dying stem of Rubus sp.
Notes: APOTHECIA solitary to scattered; receptacle deep ly cupulate to goblet-shaped, 450 ym in diam; hymenium buff, margin chestnut brown, exterior of receptacle buff, margin “and upper part of cups bearing “chesrius brown setae; cup narrowing to form a short stipe 150 wm long, buff, clothed with chestnut brown hairs, especial- ly». at. the, ‘base. ECTAL ~EXGIPULUM™ composed )-Olmra® zones: a compact outer zone up to 50 pm wide of hyaline textura oblita, to textura’ intricata “with (hyphaceetain— walled, 2-3 wm broad and immersed in a copious gel, cells at margin brown-walled, giving rise to setae; in- ner zone up to 30 wm wide of hyaline. textura “perrecta more or’ less parallel to receptacle surface, ‘cells upmo
Sy)
Deli. Droad; towards, margin inner zone. merging with Elem OuLch azone "tO form “a7 broad “gelatinized. “zone at iiemmeiiarein. “oF LAE. originating eirom inner cells of the OUler ectalpexcipulum,. atetirstul—3j-celledswith a clavate apicatercerl rand with “thin, light brown). walls; walls appearing to thicken and darken .as hair proliferates percurrently, ultimately becoming: ‘compound (ca: 3 jm thick); mature setae multiseptate, tapering at both ends, 200-500 pm long, up to 20 pm wide at the broadest point, with scars showing internal proliferation. MEDUL- PAR ve EXCIPULUM “of —loosely, interwoven, hyaline, thin- walled textura intricata, ‘cells up to 51m broad. SUBHY-— MENIUM up to 50 pm wide, of hyaline, thin-walled textu- ra intricata possibly immersed in gel, cells 1-3 jm DroGCwmooOCt arising trom repeating “croziers, clavate; 80-105 x 10-13 pm, apex thickened (up to 4 pm), pore channel wall J+, 8-spored. ASCOSPORES uniseriate at first, becoming biseriate, hyaline, ellipsoid to allantoid, usually uniguttulate , occasionally multiguttulate, one-celled, (12-) 15-17 (-18) _x 6-7 wpm. PARAPHYSES paomened.s iiliform, i um broad, snot exceeding .asci: Sigiieveetissues, aS iins apothecium, outer éectaly excipular cells giving rise to brown-walled, multiseptate, flexuous hairs ca. 50 pm long. STROMA extremely limited; gelati- nized ectal excipular hyphae and non-gelatinized medul- lary hyphae ramify through host tissues, but are noti- cably more numerous and compact at the point of stipe emergence we i1eom = host tissue, “where: fungal celis “and hostecuticle are covered (byea lecalized melanized ‘crust:
Unfortunately the collection upon which this description Lome Daced =sCONntdiliS= © lLOo™ [ew = apothecia. to wconstitute a suitable type specimen. While some germination of asco- Sporeomon. agar was, achieved, isolates. failed, to develop further.
Diiere aren periapsr-a Nall sdozen: or. more species that were formerly assigned to Rutstroemia with similar apotnecial, structure to this species. Drs. K.P. Dumont endeh an. KOrL have, hada. joint project. on, these species for many years (pers. comm.), of which only one, Rut- stroemia setulata Dearness & House) White, appears fommrave) been’ described. Other. species have been | col- fected in the southern US; in’ Mexico, in the neotropics and paleotropics. Whether these can be accommodated ite Oculum,. inom which they differ: mainly in the pre- BoucemEOLsetac, <orby constitute §a separate genus has mor eyet been decided:
34 SCLEROTINIA Fuckel 1870, typus conservandus = Whetzelinia Korf & Dumont 1972 (homotypic) One known Macaronesian species
Its Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, Vergl. Morpher Biol Pilze: pre22.. 16o2.
= Sclerotinia’ libertiana Fuckel, “Jahrb. ‘Nassau schen» Vereins:! Naturk:* (23224: 33). 097 (nom. superfl.).
= Whetzelinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) Korf & Dumont
Mycologia 64: 250. 1972. RECENT TAXONOMIC TREATMENTS: Kohn (1979).
PREVIOUS » MACARONESIAN RECORDS: +Bensaude (1926), tt Rosalia de Sousa Dias and Lucas (1980).
IVR ED LOCADUTY ss Belotum..
KNOWN MACARONESIAN DISTRIBUTION PALORES: toao, Miguel. (Pereira, nev. +t MADEIRA. +t Madeira. Pedrosa, December 1976, n.v.
SUBSTRATA: On cultivated beet (Bensaude, 1926) and on Salvia splendens Ker-Gawl. (Rosdlia de Sousa Dias
and Lucas, 1980).
Notes: We, have. not), collected “this. uniquitous \pathoger of cultivated plants, but it must surely be widespread in Macaronesia. Neither of the reports in the literature from the region are backed up by specimens.
MYCOTAXON
VOLeAVE Ss NO. 1 (Dp s oo- 57 October-December 1982
STUDIES ON HYPHOMYCETES FROM WEST BENGAL, INDIA, I. CERCOSPORA AND ALLIED GENERA OF WEST BENGAL, 1l.
JO-MIN YEN
Natural History Museum 900 Exposition Boulevard Los Angeles, California 90007, U.S.A.
A. K. KAR and B. K. DAS
Department of Botany Presidency College Calcutta: =- 700073, india
ABSTRACT
This study of 15 species of Cercospora and allied genera from West Bengal (India) includes descriptions and illustrations of ten new species and a new combination: Cercoseptoria vignicola sp. nov., on Vigna sp.; Phaeolsariopsis argyreiae sp. nov., on Argyreia roxburghii; Pseudocercospora alternantherae sp. nov., on Alternanthera sp.; P. euphorbiae-piluliferae sp. nov., on Euphorbia
ilulifera; P. polyalthiae sp. nov., on Polyalthia suberosa; P. vignigena sp. nov., on Vigna sp.; P. vitigena sp. nov, On Vitis sp.; Stenella canthii sp. nov., on Canthiil dedymi; S. dioscoreicola sp. nov., on Dioscorea sp.; S. stephaniae sp. nov., on Stephania hernandifolia; and S. myxa (Sydow in Sydow & Mitter) comb. nov., on Cordia myxa. Sipe
1. Cercoseptoria vignicola Yen, Kar & Das, sp. nov. (Fig. 1)
Maculis indistinctis. Caespitulis hypophyllis, invisibilis. Mycelium primarium immersum: hyphis pallidissime olivaceis, septatis, ramosis, 2-3.5ym latis. Stomatibus aliquantum atro-brunneis, globosis 20-40um diam. Conidiophoris primariis brevis, dense vel valde dense fasciculatis, ex stromatibus oriundis, simplicibus, flexuosis vel undulatis, O-l1 septatis, O-2 geniculatis, ad apicem irregulariter rOtuUndatisS, Cicatricibus conidialis indistinctis, 22-75 x 3-5um. Mycelium secundarium superficiale: hyphis ex stromatibus oriundis, repentis, pallide olivaceis, septatis, ramosis, 2-3um latis, laevis, conidiophoris secundariis ex hyphis secundariis lateraliter productis, solitariis. Conidiis anguste cylindraceis vel filiformibus, pallidissime brunneo-olivaceis, leniter curvatis, 3-6 septatis, ad apicem mbotundatis;, basi leniter truncatis, 30=60 x 2.5-3m.
Habitat in foliis vivis Vigna sp. (Leguminosae), ad Raiganj, Dinajpur occidentalis, Bengal occidentalis, India, wed. Bb. Ks Das, 3 XIe 1960, No. Pec4451 (Herb. LAM, Yen #10582), typus.
at
Leaf spot indistinct. Caespituli hypophyllous, invisible even under the hand lens. Primary mycelium internal: hyphae very pale olivaceous, smooth, septate, branched, 2-3.5ym wide. Stromata well developed, dark brown, globular, 20-40um in diameter. Conidiophores very short, numerous in a dense or very dense fascicle, simple, flexuous, O-l septate, O-2 geniculate, apex irregularly rounded, conidial scars not visible, 22-75 x 3-5um. Secondary mycelium superficial: hyphae pale brown- Olivaceous smooth, septate, branched, 2-3ym wide, producing laterally the solitary, secondary conidiophores. Conidia narrowly cylindric or filiform, very pale brown-olivaceous slightly curved, 3-6 septate, with a rounded apex and a truncate base, not constricted, 30-60 x 2.5-3um.
On Vigna sp. (Leguminosae), in Raiganj, West Dinajpur, West Bengal, India. Leg. B. K. Das, 3 November 1980, No. Pcc4451 (Herb. Lam, Yen!#10582).
2. Phaeoisariopsis argyreiae Yen, Kar & Das, sp. nov. CFaigi 2
Maculis primo indistinctis, deinde brunneis et visibilis, orbicularis vel suborbicularis, margine indistinctis, usque 7mm diam., dispersis vel confluentibus. Caespitulis districte hypophyllis, atro-hirsutis. Mycelium primarium immersum: hyphis pallidissime olivaceis, septatis, ramosis, 2-4um latis. Stromatibus atro-brunneis, irregularis, 40-60.um altis, 25-40um latis. Conidiophoris districte hypophyllis, pallide brunneo-olivaceis, laevis, 3-25 fasciculatis, synnematiforme aggregatis, multiseptatis, simplicibus, inferne leniter undulatis, superne leniter erectis et separabilis, ad apicem rotundatis, cicatricibus conidialis indistinctis, 60-350 x 4-5.5um. Conidiis pallide olivaceis, cylindraceis, semper valide curvatis, 1-7 septatis, non constrictis, ad apicem rotundatis basi attenuatis et truneatias, 55-110 x 6-7um.
Habitat in foliis vivis Argyreia roxburgnii Choisy (Convolvulaceae), ad Raiganj, Dinajpur occidentalis, Bengal Sccagentalis, india, Leg. BwaK. *Das, (12° xX 1980) No. Pcecd492 (Herb. LAM, Yen #10588), typus.
Leaf spot at first indistinct, only some rounded chlorosis area, later becoming brown and visible, orbicular or suborbicular, with an indistinct margin, up to 7mm in diameter, scattered or sometimes confluent. Caespituli strictly hypophyllous, visible under hand lens in dark hairy form. |~ Primary mycelium internal: hyphae very pale olivaceous, septate, branched, 2-4um wide. Stromata well-developed, dark brown, irregular, 40-60um high and
Fig. 1. Cercoseptoria vignicola Yen, Kar & Das: Fascicles of primary conidiophores and formation of external hyphae; B, External hyphae and formation of secondary conidiophores; Gr conidia.
38
oO”
25-40um wide. Conidiophores strictly hypophyllous, pale to medium olivaceous, synnematous, 3-25 in loose or dense fascicles, smooth, multiseptate, simple, slightly sinuous below, substraight above, with a rounded apex, conidial cicatrices indistinct, 60-350 x 4-5.5um. Conidia pale oOlivaceous, cylindric, always curved, smooth, with a broadly rounded apex, 1-7 septate, not constricted, base attenuate and truncate, 55-110 x 6-7um.
On Argyreia roxburghii Choisy (Convolvulaceae), in Raiganj, West Dinajpur, West Bengal, India. Leg. B. K. Das, 12 October 1980, No. Pcc4492 (Herb. LAM, Yen #10588).
3. Pseudocercospora alternantherae Yen, Kar & Das, sp. nov. PAGS
Maculis amphiphyllis, ovoideis vel fusiformis, griseo-brunneis, margine aliquantum indistinctis, saepe dispersis vel confluentibus, 3-12mm longis, 2-4mm latis. Caespitulis amphigenis, autem plerumque hypophyllis, invisibilis. Mycelium primarium immersum: hyphis olivaceo-brunneis, septatis, ramosis 2-5um latis. Stromatibus brunneis vel atro-brunneis, globosis 20-40um diam. Conidiophoris primariis amphiphyllis, autem in hypophyllo plus abundis, 5-58 in fasciculo per stomatibus emergentis, pallide burnneo-olivaceis, simplicibus, fere flexuosis, laevis, 0-3 septatis, 0-2 geniculatis, ad apicem rotundatis vel attenuatis, 15-55 x 3-4.5um. Mycelium secundarium superficiale: hyphis ex stomatibus oriundis vel cum conidiophoris primariis commixa in fasciculo per stomatibus emergentis, pallide brunneo-olivaceis, repentis, septatis, ramosis, 2-3.5um latis, conidiophoris secundariis lateraliter gerentis. Conidiis obclaviformibus vel obclavato-cylindraceis, pallide brunneo-olivaceis, rectis vel leniter curvatis, laevis, 3-10 septatis, ad apicem rotundatis, basi obconico-attenuatis et truncatis, 32-90 x 2.5-4ym.
Habitat in foliis vivis Alternanthera sp. (Amarathaceae), ad Purulea, Bengal occidentalis, India, leg. B. K. Das, 7 I 1981, No. Pcc4483 (Herb. LAM, Yen #10583), typus.
Leaf spot amphigenous, ovoid or fusiform, brown grayish with an indistinct margin, scattered, but often confluent, 3-12mm long and 2-4mm wide. Caespituli amphiphyllous, but mostly hypophyllous, invisible even under hand lens. Primary mycelium internal: hyphae brown olivaceous, septate, branched, 2-5um wide. Stromata brown or dark brown, globular, 20-40um in diameter. Primary conidiophores amphigenous, but more abundant on the lower surface, 5-58 in fascicles emerging through the stomata, pale brown Olivaceous, simple, generally flexuous, smooth, 0-3 septate, 0-2 geniculate, apex rounded or attenuate and shouldered, Fig. 2. Phaeoisariopsis argyreiae Yen, Kar & Das: A, Fascicles of old conidiophores; B, Stromata and young conidiophores; C, Conidia.
40
a
a
Noy,
Ve:
, N
4l
15-55 x 3-4.5um. Secondary mycelium external: hyphae arising from the stomata or from a stromata and mixed with the primary conidiophores in a regular fascicle, pale brown Olivaceous, repent, septate, branched, 2-3.5um wide, bearing the secondary conidiophores as lateral branches which are similar to the primary conidiophores. Conidia obclaviform or obclavato-cylindric, pale brown olivaceous, straight or slightly curved, smooth, 3-10 septate, apex rounded, base obconic-attenuate and truncate, 32-90 x 2.5-4ym.
On Alternanthera sp. (Amaranthaceae), in Purulea, West Bengal, India. Leg. B. K. Das, 7 January 1981, No Pcc4483
(Herb. LAM, Yen #10583).
Note: The Pseudocercospora alternanthericola (Pavgi & U. P. Singh) Deighton differs from this fungus by its mostly epiphyllous fruiting and thicker conidia (2.4-6.3um compared with 2.5-4um). On the other hand, the Cercospora alternantherae-nodiflorae Sawada differs from this species by its leaf spot indistinct or none. 4. Pseudocercospora daturina (Yen) Deighton. CMI Mycol.
Pap. 140: 143, 1976.
=Cercospora daturina Yen. Rev. de Mycol. 30: 171, 1965.
Leaf spot indistinct, sometimes as chlorosis area without definite margin. Caespituli amphiphyllous, grayish, effuse. Primary mycelium internal: hyphae almost colorless, septate, branched, 1.5-2.5um wide. Stromata absent. Primary conidiophores amphiphyllous, 12-40 in fascicles, simple when young, but generally branched when old, pale brown Olivaceous, flexuous, 1-4 (rarely 5-6) septate, 1-3 geniculate, sometimes with constrictions at the septum, apex attenuate and decorated with a conidial cicatrice (1.5ym in diameter), 30-70 x 3.5-6ym (Yen: 30-80 x 4-6um). Secondary mycelium superficial: hyphae arising from the stromata, pale olivaceous, repent, septate, branched, 2-3.5um wide, bearing the solitary secondary conidiophores as lateral branches. Conidia obclavate-cylindric, pale brown Olivaceous, straight or slightly curved, sometimes slightly Sinuous, 3-10 septate, apex subconic, base attenuate-truncate, 50-117 x 3.5-5Sum (Yen: 51-123 x 3.5-5um).
On Datura atramonium L. (Solanaceae), in Baluhati, Hocorah, West Bengal, India. Leg. B. K.. Das, 22 August 1980, No. Pcc4323 (Herb. LAM, Yen #10579).
Distribution: India and Singapore
Fig. 3. Pseudocercospora alternantherae Yen, Kar & Das: A, Fascicle of conidiophores and formation of external hyphae;
B, Young conidiophores; C, Old conidiophores, D & E, Formation of secondary conidia; F, Conidia. 5.
42
5. Pseudocercospora euphorbiae-piluliferae Yen, Kar & Das Sp. nov. 19. , A-D )
Maculis hypophyllis, minusculis, obscure brunneis, margine indistinctis, usque 2mm diam. in epiphyllo visibilis, in hypophyllo indistinctis. Caespitulis hypophyllis, raro amphiphyllis, non aspectabilis. Mycelium primarium immersum: hyphis subhyalinis, septatis, ramosis, 2-3.5ym latis. Stromatibus nullis. Conidiophoris plerumque hypophyllis, pallide brunneo-olivaceis, 2-5 in fasciculo per stomatibus emergentis, simplicibus vel ramosis, laevis, erectis vel leniter flexuosis, aliquandum undulatis, 0-6 septatis, non geniculatis, cicatricibus conidialis indistinctis, ad apicem rotundatis, 15-80 x 3.5-5um. Conidiis obclaviformibus vel obclavato-cylindraceis, pallide brunneo-olivaceis, rectis vel leniter curvatis, 3-5 septatis, non constrictis, ad apicem rotundatis, basi truncatis, (338-745 x 3—5im,
Habitat in foliis vivis Euphorbiae piluliferae L. (Euphorbiaceae), ad Mashlandapur, Nadia, Bengal occidentalis; India|) Leq. Bay K. Das,/i3 Vis 19eo ie. Pcc4305 (Herb. LAM, Yen #10584), typus.
Leaf spot small, brown with an indistinct margin, visible on upper surface, but invisible on lower surface, up to 2mm in diameter. Caespituli mostly hypophyllous, rarely amphiphyllous, invisible. Primary mycelium internal: hyphae almost colorless, septate, branched, 2-3.5um wide. Stromata absent. Conidiophores generally hypophyllous, 2-5 in fascicles emerging through a stomata, pale brown olivaceous, simple or branched, smooth, with a slightly undulated membrane, straight or slightly flexuous, O-6 septate, not geniculate, conidial scars indistinct, apex rounded, 15-80 x 3.5-5um. Conidia obclavate or obclavate-cylindric, pale brown olivaceous, straight or slightly curved, 3-5 septate, not constricted, apex rounded, base truncate, 38-74 x 3-5um.
On Euphorbia pilulifera L. (Euphorbiaceae), in Mashlandapur, Nadia, West Bengal, India. Leg. B. K Das, 13 August 1980, No Pcc4305 (Herb. LAM, Yen #10584).
Note: This fungus differs from others (Cercospora petila Thir. & Chupp, C. euphorbiae-pubescentis Unam. and C. euphorbiaecola Tharp.) on Euphorbia, by its small brown leaf spots, hypogenous caespituli, poor fascicles and absence of stromata.
6. Pseudocercospora pantoleuca (Saccardo) Deighton CMI
Mycol. Pap. 11402507, 97Gemn Figse > )
=Cercospora pantoleuca Saccardo, nom. nov. (as 'Syd. & Sacc.') in Sdccardo & Trotter, Syll. Fung. 25:906) LOS 1s
=Cercospora pantoleuca H. Sydow & P. Sydow, Philipp. J. Sci Sec iGUiBot “je e284-" 19137
NON Cercospora pantoleuca Saccardo, Michellia 1:268, 1879.
43
Leaf spot distinct, amphiphyllous, at first small (1-3mm in diam.), vein-limited, green brownish, soon becoming grayish- white in the center with a linear, slightly raised brown- purplish margin, often 3-5 confluent in large blotches, up to 5mm in diameter. Caespituli generally hypophyllous, sometimes slightly amphigenous, dark punctiform. Mycelium internal: hyphae very pale olivaceous, septate, branched, 2.5-4um wide. Stromata not well-developed, dark brown, irregularly globular, 10-25ym in diameter. Conidiophores chiefly hypogenous, 5-15 in fascicles emerging through the stomata, pale brown olivaceous, simple, sometimes branched, flexuous or sinuous, 1-6 septate, O-2 geniculate, not continuous, sometimes slightly constricted, apex rounded or attenuate and shouldered, conidial cicatrices indistinct, 25-55 x 3.5-4um. Conidia obclavate-cylindric, straight or slightly curved, 3-11 septate, pale olivaceous, apex rounded, base obconic-truncate.
On Clitoria ternatea (Leguminosae), in Palpara, Nadia, West Benga sindia. \ Leg. B. K.. Das, 25 August 1980, No Pec4327 (Herb. LAM, Yen #10581).
Distribution: Philippines and India.
Note: The material of this species from West Bengal (India) differs from others from the Philippines by the largely hypophyllous fruiting and the conidiophores not being continuous.
7. Pseudocercospora polyalthiae Yen, Kar & Das, sp. nov.
Maculis indistinctis. Caespitulis hypophyllis, invisibilis. Mycelium primarium immersum: hyphis subhyalinis, septatis, ramosis, 1.5-3um latis. Stromatibus nullis. Conidiophoris solitariis, non fasciculatis, pallide brunneo-olivaceis, sursum pallidioribus, plerumque simplicibus, interdum ramosis, 0-8 septatis, O-3 geniculatis, apex attenuatis et truncatis, interdum irregulariter rotundatis, cicatricibus conidialis invisibilis, 12-70 x 3.5-5Sym. Mycelium secundarium superficiale: hyphis repentis, pallide Olivaceis, laevis, septatis ramosis, 1,5-3um latis, conidiophoris lateraliter manifestibus. Conidiis gracilis, obclavato-cylindraceis, pallide brunneo-olivaceis, rectis vei leniter curvatis; 3-13 septatis, non constrictis,) ad apicem rotundatis vel subconicis, basi obconico-truncatis, 40-£56) 26 2..5=-3 55 um.
Habitat in foliis vivis Polyalthiae suberosa Benth. & Hooker (Annonaceae), ad Garia, 24-Parganas, Bengal cceideritalis, India. Leg. 9B. K. Das, 15 XII 1979; No. Pcc4095 (Herb. LAM, Yen #10585), typus.
Leaf spot indistinct or none. Caespituli hypophyllous, invisible. Primary mycelium internal: hyphae very pale
45
olivaceous, septate, branched, 1.5-3um wide. Stromata absent. Conidiophores solitary, not in fascicles, generally simple, sometimes branched, straight or flexuous, pale brown Olivaceous, paler towards the tip, 0-8 septate, 0-3 geniculate, apex attenuate and shouldered, conidial scars HOWMaTStinck,. 12-70 x 3s5—5um. © Conidia narrowly oblclavate-cylindric, pale brown olivaceous, straight or slightly curved, 3-13 septate, not constricted, apex rounded or subconical, base obconic-truncate, 40-156 x 2.5-3.5um.
On Polyalthia suberosa Benth. & Hooker (Annonacae), in Garia, 24-Parganas, West Bengal, India. Leg. B. K. Das, 15 December 1979, No Pcc4095 (Herb. LAM, Yen #10585).
8. Pseudocercospora timorensis (Cooke) Deighton CMI Mycol. Pap. 140:154, 1976. =Cercospora timorensis Cooke Grevillea 12:38, 1883.
On Ipomoea batatas Lamx. (Convolvulaceae), in Samali, 24-Parganas, West Bengal, India. Leg. B. K. Das, 2 September 1980, No Pcc4345 (Herb. LAM, Yen #10580).
Distribution: Africa, China, Ecuador, India, Japan, Panama, Philippines, and Singapore.
9. Pseudocercospora trematis-orientalis (Sun) Deighton CMI PycolmPapil40s 155, Lovo." lye =Cercospora trematis-orientalis Sun J. Agric. (Formosa) PAiwane Prov. Coll. .9348 (reprint), 1955.
beat spot distinct, at first small, brown, “irregularly circular, isolate, 0.5-lmm in diameter, soon extending into large lesions, irregularly angular, vein-limited, gray-white in the center, having a brown-purple border with indefinite margin, more distinct on lower surface, scattered, up to 3mm in diameter. Caespituli amphiphyllous, but chiefly epiphyllous, dark punctiform on the upper surface. Mycelium internal: hyphae very pale olivaceous, septate, branched, 2-4um wide. Stromata dark brown, globular, 20-40um in diameter. Conidiophores 5-28 in fascicles emerging through the stomata, pale brown-olivaceous, paler towards the tip, straight or slightly flexuous, simple, not branched, smooth, 1-3 septate, 0-2 geniculate, apex rounded or attenuate, conidial scars sometimes distinct, 40-95 x 3.5-4um. Conidia pale brown-olivaceous, obclavate-cylindric, often slightly curved, or slightly undulated, 3-8 septate, apex rounded or subconical, base obconic-truncate, 40-108 x 3.5-4um.
On Trema orientalis Bl. (Urticaceae), in Raiganj, West Dinajpur, West Bengal, India. leg. B. K. Das, 20 October 1980, No. Pcc4447 (Herb. Lam, Yen #10575).
Fig. 4. A-D, Pseudocercospora euphorbiae-piluliferae
Yen, Kar, & Das: A & D, Fascicles Of conidiophores; B, Young conidiophores; C, Conidia. E-G, P. polyalthiae Yen,
Kar & Das: E, External hyphae and formation of secondary conidiophores; F, Branched conidiophores; G, Conidia.
46
47
Distribution: Taiwan (China) and West Bengal (India).
Note: Sun proposed a common name, "white stars disease on leaves of Trema", which is apropos because of the symptomatic isolated white angular leaf spots which characterize the infected leaves.
10. Pseudocercospora vignigena Yen, Kar & Das, sp. nov. Eid. oO
Maculis distinctis, orbicularis vel irregulariter orbicularis, clare brunneis, margine atro-brunneis, dispersis, non confluentibus, 2-5mm diam. Caespitulis amphiphyllis, nigrostrigosis. Mycelium primarium immersum: hyphis fere incoloris, septatis, ramosis, 2-3.5um latis. Stromatibus mediocoriter evolutis, atro-brunneis, globosis vel irregulariter globosis, 15-40ym diam. Conidiophoris primariis usque 60 in fasciculo per stomatibus emergentis, pallide brunneo-olivaceis, laevis, erectis vel leniter flexuosis, 1-3 septatis, 0-2 geniculatis, apex attenuatis et Cubpigeeyercicatricibus conidialis distinctis, 22-75 \x 3-Sum. Mycelium secundarium superficiale: hyphis ex cellulis basalibus conidiophorum primariorum aliquorum oriundis, repentis, pallide olivaceis, septatis, ramosis, 2.5-4um latis, conidiophoris secundariis erectis lateraliter gerentis. Conidiis cylindraceis, interdum obclavato-cylindraceis, pallide olivaceis, rectis vel leniter curvatis, 3-6 septatis, apice rotundatis, basi attenuatis et truncatis, 33-60 x 4-5.5(-6)um.
Habitat in foliis vivis Vigna sp. (Leguminosae), ad Raiganj, Dinajpur occidentalis, Bengal occidentalis, India. Leg. B. K. Das, 3 XI 1980, No. Pcc4451 (Herb. LAM, Yen #10582), typus.
Leaf spot distinct, orbicular or irregularly orbicular, bright brown with a dark brown margin, scattered, more visible on the upper surface, 2-5mm in diameter. Caespituli amphiphyllous, visible under hand lens as short black hairs. Primary mycelium internal: hyphae almost colorless, septate, branched 2-3.5um wide. Stromata not well developed, dark brown, globular or irregularly globular, 15-40um in diameter. Primary conidiophores up to 60 in dense fascicles emerging through a stromata, pale brown-olivaceous, smooth, simple, straight or slightly flexuous, 1-3 septate, 0-2 geniculate, apex attenuate or shouldered, conidial scars-distinct, 22-75 x 3-5um. Secondary mycelium superficial: hyphae arising from the base of some of the primary conidiophores, repent or lax arcuate, pale olivaceous, septate, branched, 2.5-4um wide, bearing secondary conidiophores as erect lateral branches. Conidia generally cylindric, sometimes obclavate-cylindric, pale olivaceous, straight or slightly curved, 3-6 septate Fig. 5. Pseudocercospora pantoleuca (Saccaardo) Deighton: A, Fascicles of young conidiophores; B & C, Fascicles of old conidiophores; D, Branched conidiophores; F, Conidia.
48
49
apex rounded, base attenuate-truncate, 33-60 x 4-5.5(-6)um.
On Vigna sp. (Leguminosae), in Raiganj, West Dinajpur, West Bengal, India. Leg. B. K. Das, 3 November 1980, No Pcc4451 (Herb. LAM, Yen #10582).
Note: This fungus differs from others (Pseudocercospora cruenta (Saccardo) Deighton, Pe dolichs Evins Everhart) Yen, BP mungo Deighton, and P.
Vignee-reticulatae Deighton fon Vigna by its distinct leaf spots with definite margin and very dense fascicles with up to 60 conidiophores.
ll. Pseudocercospora vitigena Yen, Kar & Das, sp. nov. G oS ire iy gs RoE}
Maculis indistinctis. Caespitulis amphiphyllis, autem principaliter hypophyllis, invisibilis. Mycelium primarium immersum: hyphis subhyalinis, septatis ramosis, 1.5-2.5 um latis. Stromatibus atro-brunneis, globosis vel irregulariter globosis, 10-30um diam. Conidiophoris primariis numerosis vel paucis in fasciculo per stomatibus emergentis, pallide olivaceis, eretis vel leniter flexuosis, simplicibus vel ramosis, laevis, continuis vel 1-2 septatis, non geniculatis, apice rotundatis vel irregulariter rotundatis, 10-30 x 2-3um. Mycelium secundarium superficiale: hyphis ex stromatibus oriundis, pallidissime olivaceis, repentis vel arcuatis, laevis, septatis, conidiophoris secundariis lateraliter gerentis. Conidiis pallide olivaceis, obclavato-cylindraceis, rectis vel leniter curvatis, laevis, non constrictis, 3-11 septatis, ad apicem rotundatis vel subrotundatis, basi obconico-truncatis, 36-82 x 2.5-3.5um.
Habitat in foliis vivis Vitis sp. (Vitidaceae), ad Sylva Hemtabad, Dinajpur occidentalis, Bengal occidentalis, India. Leg. B./K. Das, 10 X 1980, No. Pcc4418 (Herb. LAM, Yen #10577), typus.
Leaf spot indistinct or none. Caespituli amphigenous, but chiefly hypophyllous, not visible even under hand lens. Primary mycelium internal: hyphae very pale olivaceous, septate, branched, 1.5-2.5um wide. Stromata slightly developed, dark brown, globular or irregularly globular, 10-30um in diameter. Primary conidiophores emerging through the stomata, very numerous in each of the larger fascicles, but few in smaller fascicles, pale olivaceous, straight or slightly flexuous, simple or branched, smooth, continuous or 1-2 septate, not geniculate, apex rounded or irregularly rounded, 10-30 x 2-3ym. Secondary mycelium external:
hyphae arising from the stomata, sometimes from stromata,
Fig. 6. Pseudocercospora vignigena Yen, Kar & Das: A,
Young conidiophores; B, Fascicles of old conidiophores; C, External hyphae and formation of secondary conidiophores; E, Conidia.
51
repent or arcuate, very pale olivaceous, smooth, septate, bearing secondary conidiophores as lateral branches. Conidia very pale olivaceous, obclavate-cylindric, straight Or slightly curved, smooth, not constricted, 3-11 ‘septate, apex rounded or subrounded, base obconic-truncate, 36-82 x 2.5-3.5um.
On Vitis sp. (Vitidaceae), in Hemtabad forest, West Dinajpur, West Bengal, India. Leg. B. K. Das, 10 October 1980, No Pcc4418 (Herb. LAM, Yen #10677).
Note: The indistinct leaf spots, amphigenous fruiting, and narrow pale olivaceous conidia separate this species from ouners oni Vitis.
12. Stenetla canthii Yen, Kar & Das, sp. nov. (Fig. 7, F&G)
Maculis distinctis, orbicularis vel irregulariter orbicularis, brunneo-albis et zona lata obscure brunnea restrictis, 2-10 mm diam., interdum confluentibus, usque 17mm longis. Caespitulis districte hypophyllis, invisibilis. Mycelium primarium immersum: hyphis pallidissime olivaceis, septatis, ramosis, 1.5-3um latis. Stromatibus nullis. Conidiophoris solitariis, ex hyphis secundariis oriundis, brunneo-olivaceis vel pallide olivaceis, erectis vel leniter flexuosis, simplicibus, laevis, 1-3 septatis, O-l geniculatis, antice attenuatis, denticulatis et cicatricibus atro-brunneis ornatis, 21-45 x 3-3.5ym. Mycelium secundarium superficiale: hyphis ex stromatibus oriundis, pallide olivaceis, repentis vel arcuatis, subtiliter verruculosis, septatis, conidiophoris solitariis lateraliter gerentis. Conidiis plerumque cylindraceis, interdum obclavato-cylindraceis, pallide olivaceis, subtiliter verruculosis, plerumque curvatis, raro rectis, 1-7 septatis, ad apicem rotundatis, inferne attenuatis et in hilum truncatum, 18-112 x 3-4.5um.
Habitat in foliis vivis Canthii dedymi Roxb. (Rubiaceae), ad Baraipur, 24-Parganas, Bengal occidentalis, India. Leg. B. K. Das, 15 IX 1980, No. Pcc4374 (Herb. LAM, Yen #10590), typus.
Leaf spot distinct, brown whitish, with a wide indistinct dark brown margin, 2-10mm in diameter, sometimes confluent up to 17mm long. Caespituli strictly hypophyllous, invisible. Primary mycelium internal: hyphae very pale olivaceous, septate, branched, 1.5-3um wide. Stromata absent. Conidiophores arising from secondary hyphae as lateral branches, brown olivaceous or pale brown olivaceous, straight or slightly flexuous, simple, smooth, 1-3 septate,
Fig. 7. A-E, Pseudocercospora vitigena Yen, Kar & Das:
A, Young conidiophores; B, Branched conidiophores; C, Poor fascicles of conidiophores; D, External hyphae and formation of secondary conidiophores; E, Conidia. F-G, Steneila canthii Yen, Kar & Das: F, External hyphae and formation
of normal conidiophores; G, Conidia.
52
Do
not geniculate, apex attenuate, denticulate and decorated with dark brown conidial ciccatrices, 21-45 x 3-3.5ym. Secondary mycelium external: hyphae arising from stomata, pale olivaceous, repent or arcuate, finely verruculose, septate, bearing laterally the normal conidiophores. Conidia generally cylindric, sometimes obclavate-cylindric, pale olivaceous, finely verruculose, slightly curved, sometimes straight, 1-7 septate, apex rounded, base attenuate-truncate, 18-112 x 3-4.5um.
On Canthium dedymum Roxb. (Rubiaceae), in Baraipur, 24-Parganas, West Bengal, India. Leg. B. K. Das, 15 September 1980, No Pcc4374 (Herb. LAM, Yen #10590).
13. Stenella dioscoreicola Yen, Kar & Das, sp. nov. (Fig. 8)
Maculis irregulariter orbicularis, brunneis, margine indistinctis, dispersis, 3-12mm diam. Caespitulis districte hypophyllis, in hypophyllo obscure punctiformibus. Mycelium primarium immersum: hyphis pallidissime olivaceis, septatis, romosis, 1.5-3.5um latis. Stromatibus atro-brunneis, irregulariter globosis, 24-40um diam. Conidiophoris hypophyllis, 12-40 in fasciculo per stomatibus emergentis, pallide brunneo-olivaceis, sursum pallidioribus, Simplicibus vel raro ramosis, cylindraceis, erectis vel leniter flexuosis, O-3 septatis, non geniculatis, ad apicem PoLundatis, CiGapricipus conidialis:indistinctis,. 4/—-60 x 4-5yum. Mycelium secundarium superficiale: hyphis parvum explicatis, cum conidiophoris primariis commixa in fasciculo per stomatibus emergentis, pallide olivaceis, repentis, septatis, ramosis, subtiliter verruculosis, 2-3,m latis, conidiophoris secundariis lateraliter raro gerentis. Conidiis pallide brunneo-olivaceis, obclaviformis vel obclavato-cylindraceis, plerumque curvatis vel undulatis, subtiliter verruculosis, 3-9 septatis, apice obtusis vel rotundatis, basi obconico-truncatis, 50-130 x 3.5-4.5(-5) um.
Habitat in foliis vivis Dioscoreae sp. (Dioscoreaceae), ad Sylva Chelapata Cooch Behar, Bengal occidentalis, India. beg. B.\K. Das; 17 X-1980, Pcc4452 (Herb. LAM, Yen #10578), typus.
Leaf spot irregular orbicular, brown with an indistinct margin, scattered, 3-12mm in diameter. Caespituli strictly hypophyllous, visible under hand lens as dark punctiform. Primary mycelium internal: hyphae very pale olivaceous, septate, branched, 1.5-3.5um wide. Stromata dark brown, irregularly globular, 24-40um in diameter. Conidiophores hypophyllous, 12-40 in fascicles, arising from a stomata, generally simple, rarely branched, cylindric, straight or slightly flexuous, pale brown olivaceous, paler towards the tip, 0-3 septate, not geniculate, apex rounded, conidial Fig. 8. Stenella dioscoreicola Yen, Kar & Das: A, Fascicles of primary conidiophores; B, Branched conidio- phores; C, Young conidiophores; D, External hyphae and formation of secondary conidiophores; E, Conidia.
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39
scars indistinct, 17-80 x 4-5um. Secondary mycelium superficial: hyphae very poorly developed, mixing with the primary conidiophores and arising from a stomata, pale olivaceous, repent, septate, branched, finely verruculose, 2-3um wide, bearing occasionally the secondary conidiophores as lateral branches. Conidia pale brown olivaceous, obclaviform or obclavate-cylindric, generally curved or undulated, finely verruculose, 3-9 septate, apex obtuse or rounded, base obconici-truncate, 50-130 x 3.5-4.5(-5) um.
On Dioscorea sp. (Dioscoreaceae), in Forest of Chelapata, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India. Leg. B. K. Das, 17 October 1980, No Pcc4452 (Herb. LAM, Yen #10578).
14. Stenella myxa (Sydow in Sydow & Mitter) Yen, Kar & Das combs*)nov.!\ (Fig. 9, A=C) =Cercospora myxa Sydow in Sydow and Mitter, Ann. Mycol. 33200; L935.
Leer spot indistinctyor none... Caespitul lL stricely hypophyllous, in effuse dark olivaceous irregular patches. Primary mycelium internal: hyphae almost colorless, septate, branched, 1.5-3um wide. Stromata not developed. Conidiophores hypophyllous, solitary, arising as lateral branches on the external mycelial hphae, pale brown Olivaceous, simple continuous or 1-2 septate (rarely 3), smooth, substraight below, sinuous or subgeniculate towards the tip, apex attenuate and rounded, 13-26 x 5-6um. Conidia cylindric, brown olivaceous or pale brown olivaceous, straight or slightly curved, finely verruculose, 2-14 septate (Chupp:2-12 septate), apex rounded, base attenuate and truncate, 24-110 x 5-6um.
On Cordia myxa L. (Boraginaceae), in Kamarkundu, Nnoia, West Bengal, India. Leg. B. K. Das, 23 February 1980, No Pcc4234 (Herb. LAM, Yen #10587).
Note: We have sent the material of this species to the Commonwealth Mycological Institute in Kew, England, and it has been identified as a Stenella sp. According to the description of Cercospora myxa Sydow in Sydow and Mitter,
which parasitizes also Cordia myxa in India, we find it is similar to our fungus.
15. Stenella stephaniae Yen, Kar & Das, sp. nov. (Fig. 9, D-G) Maculis brunneis, angularis, per nervuli limitatis, in epiphyllo plus visibilis, dispersis, 1-2mm diam. Caespitulis hypophyllis invisibilis. Mycelium primarium immersum: hyphis fere incoloris, septatis, ramosis, 2.5-4.5um latis. Stromatibus atro-brunneis, globosis Fig. 9. A-C, Stenella myxa (Sydow in Sydow & Mitter) Yen, Kar & Das: A, External hyphae and formation of conidiophores; C, Conidia. D-G, Stenella stephaniae Yen, Kar & Das: D, Young conidiophores; E, Conidiophores and formation of conidia; F, Branched conidiophores; G, Conidia.
56
10-45um diam. Conidiophoris hypophyllis, ex stomatibus Ooriundis, 2-8 in fasciculotis, pallide brunneo-olivaceis, Ssimplicibus, interdum ramosis, laevis, erectis, 1-4 septatis, apex rotundatis vel attenuatis et denticulatis, cicatribus sporarum atro-brunneis manifestibus, 25-120 x 4-5um. Conidiis breviter cylindraceis, pallide brunneo-olivaceis, leniter curvatis, 1-3 septatis, ad apicem rotundatis, basi attenuatis et truncatis, 31-45 x 5-7um.
Habitat in foliis vivis Stephania hernandifolia Walp. (Menispermaceae), ad Ragan}, Dinajpur occidentalis, Bengal occidentalis, India. Leg. B. K: Das, 248xX% 1979, No.3 Frce47an (Herb. LAM, Yen #10591), typus.
Leaf spot small, brown, angular and vein-limited, more distinct on upper surface, scattered, 1-2mm in diameter. Caespituli strictly hypophyllous, invisible even under hand lens. Primary mycelium internal: hyphae almost colourless, septate, branched, 2.5-4.5um wide. Stromata dark brown, globular, 10-45um in diameter. Conidiophores hypophyllous, emerging through the stomata, 2-8 in poor fascicles, rather pale olivaceous and paler towards the tip, smooth, usually simple, occasionally branched, straight below, slightly flexuous above, 1-4 setate, not geniculate, apex rounded or attenuate and denticulate, dark-brown cicatrices conidial decorated on the shoulders, 25-120 x 4-5um. Conidia shortly cylindric, pale brown-olivaceous, slightly curved, 1-3 septate, apex rounded, base attenuate- truncate, 31-45 x 5-7um.
On Stephania hernandifoloa Walp. (Meninspermaceae), in Raganj, Wet Dinajpur, West Bengal, India. Leg. B. K. Das, 24 October 1979, No Pcc 4231 (Herb. LAM, Yen #10591).
Note: We have sent the material of this fungus to the Commonwealth Mycological Institute in Kew, England, and it has been identified as a Stenella sp. Although CMI has not mentioned the species name, we consider it as a new one.
LITERATURE CITED
Chupp, C. 1953. A monograph of ‘the genus Cercospora. Ithaca, New York. 667 pp.
Deighton, F. C. 1976. Studies on Cercospora and allied genera. 6. CMI Mycol. Pap. 140:1-168.
Deighton, F. C. 1979. Studies on Cercospora and allied genera.’ 7. CMI) Mycol. Pap. 14471-—56.
Kar, A. K. and M. Mandal. 1970. New Cercospora spp. from West’ ‘Bengal Iis7Trans. Brit. Mycol.’ Soce 542423-4338 Pavgi, M./S. "and U%" P.’-Singh. 1965:° Parasitic fungi strom
North: India. 5. Mycopath. Mycol. Appl. 27:89-96. Sawada, K. 1928. Descriptive Catalog of Formosan Fungi. 4. Rept... Dept. Agri. (Gov. Res.’ Inst. Formosa. 33. 123 Pp.
Sawada, K. 1959. Descriptive Catalog of Formosan Fungl. ii). Cob. JAgri. Nat.Taiwan Univ. Spec. Publ 7S. (26130 p. Sun, S. H. 1955. Studies on the genus Cercospora found in Taiwan. I. J. Agric. (Formosa) Taiwan 4:38-48.
57,
SVdow,) .—..and) J. H. Mitter.. Fungi .indici. Il. Ann., Mycol. 33:46-71.
Yen, J. M. 1965. Etude sur les champignons parasites du Sud-Est asiatigque III. Deuxieme note sur quelques nouvelles especes de Cercospora de Singapour. Rev. de Mycol. 30:166-204.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are grateful to Dr. F. C. Deighton and the Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, England, for help given in the determination of critical specimens. We are much indebted Lowpr. Don RR. Reynolds and Dr. M. M. > Thaung ‘of the Natural History Museum, Los Angeles, California, for reviewing the manuscript.
MYCOTAXON
WO OCA VE SENO. Ble ODD. (OB Hi9 October-December 1982
STUDIES ON HYPHOMYCETES FROM WEST BENGAL, INDIA, II. CERCOSPORA AND ALLIED GENERA OF WEST BENGAL, 2
JO-MIN YEN
Natural History Museum, 900 Exposition Boulevard Los Angeles, California 90007, U.S.A.
and AéoK s(\KAR ‘and B. “kK. DAS Department of Botany, Presidency College, Calcutta-700073, India
ABSTRACT
This study includes descriptions and illustrations of nine new species and two new combinations of Indian Cercosporae: Pseudocercospora brideliicola sp. nov., on Bridelia sp.; P. micheliicola sp. nov., on Michelia champaca; P. oroxyligena sp. nov., on Oroxylum indicum P. pavettae-indicae (Gov. & Thirum.) comb. nov., on Pavetta indica; P. stillingiae (Ell. & Ev.) comb. nov., on Sapium sebiferum; P. tectonicola sp. nov., on Tectona grandis;
P. viticigena sp. nov., on Vitex negundo; Stenella coffeae sp. nov., on Coffea bengalensis; S. garugae Sp. nov., on Gargua pinnata; S. oroxylicola sp. nov., on Oroxylum indicum; and S. xeromphigena sp. nov., on Xeromphis uliginosa.
1. Pseudocercospora bridelticola. Yen, Kar G Das, mere TOW ei( Ealsgiar |
Maculis indistinctis, Caespitulis hypophyllis, effusis, velutinis, griseis, mox interdum confluentis et in inferiore superficie saepe fere totam folii paginam omino obtegentis. Mycelium primarium immersum: hyphis pallidissime olivaceis, septatis, ramosis, 3-4 um latis. Stromatibus nullis vel parvis, substomatalis, ex hyphis paucis et subhyalinis compositis. Conidiophoris 2-15 in fasciculo per stomatibus emergentis, divergentis, laevis, olivaceis et sursum pallidioris, simplicibus, interdum ramosis, erectis vel leniter flexuosis, 2-10 septatis, 0-2 geniculatis, superne interdum denticu- latis, ad apicem rotundatis vel attenuatis, cicatricibus conidialis interdum visibilis (1.5-2.5 wm diam.), 40-180 (-250) x 5-6 um. Mycelium secundarium superficiale: hyphis pallide olivaceis, ex stomatibus et conidiophoris primariis oriundis, septatis, ramosis, laevis, 2.5-3 um latis, conidiophoris secundariis lateraliter mani- festibus. Conidiis obclavato-cylindraceis, pallide olivaceis, rectis vel leniter curvatis, plerumque 3 septatis (raro 1 vel 4 septatis),
Sy
Fig. 1. Pseudocercospora brideliicola: A, Young conidiophores; B, Rudimentary stromata; C, Formation of conidia; D, Formation of secondary conidiophores; E, Conidia.
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apice rotundatis, basi obconico-truncatis, 21-67 x 4.5-5 um.
Habitat in foliis vivis Brideliae sp. (Euphorbiaceae), ad Bibirhat, 24-Parganas, Bengal occidentalis, India, leg. B.K. Das, 10 I 1980, No. PCC 4125 (IMI 250379) (Herb. LAM Yen #10601, holotypus).
Leaf spot indistinct or none, Caespituli hypogenous, effuse, velutinous, grayish, sometimes extending and cover- ing all the under surface of the leaf. Primary mycelium internal: hyphae very pale olivaceous, septate, branched, 3-4 um wide. Stromata absent or very rudimentary, only a loose mass of subhyaline internal hyphae under the stomata. Conidiophores 2-12 in fascicles emerging through the sto-: mata, olivaceous below and paler or subhyaline towards the tip, simple, sometimes branched, 2-10 septate, 0-2 genicu- late, sometimes denticulate above, apex rounded or attenu- ate, conidial scars visible on the shoulder or at the end of denticles, 40-180 (-250) x 5-6 wm. Secondary mycelium superficial: hyphae pale olivaceous arising from the stomata or from the prolongation of primary conidiophores, septate, branched, 2.5-3 wm wide, often bearing the short secondary conidiophores as lateral branches. Conidia obclavate-cylindric, pale olivaceous, straight or very slightly curved, generally 3 septate, rarely 1 or 4 septate, apex rounded, base obconic and attenuate-truncate, 21-67 x 4.5-5 um.
On Bridelta sp. (Euphorbiaceae), in Bibirhat, 24-Parganas, West, Bengal India, weg. BUKt Das. 10. 1 Los0s) Nov hCG aes (IMI 250379)" (Herb. LAM Yen #10601):
Note: Sawada (1943) has described in Taiwan, Cercospora atridis Syd., which parasitizes the leaves of Bridelta monotca (Lour.) Merr.; it differs from this fungus by its dark-brown wider conidia (7.5-8 wm compared with 4.5-5 wm). On the other hand, Pseudocercospora brideliae Deighton differs from this species by its much longer dark olivaceous conidiophores (up to 450 um long) and by its condial septatum (3-15 septate compared with 3 septate).
2. PSEUDOCERCOSPORA HIBISCI-CANNABINI (Sawada) Deighton (Fig. 2) Mycol. Pap. 140:145, 1976 = cercospora hibisci- cannabini Sawada, Descr. Cat. Formosan Fungi, 2:153, 1921.
Leaf spot indistinct, but some angular areas darkish, vein-limited, more visible on lower surface, scattered, 0.5- 3 mm in diameter, sometimes confluent. Caespituli amphi- genous, but chiefly hypophyllous, effuse, dark-gray, some- times extensively velutinous on lower surface of the leaf. Primary mycelium internal:hyphae subhyaline, septate, bran- ched, 2.3-5 um wide. Stromata absent or very rudimentary. Conidiophores emerging through the stomata, pale olivaceous, forming dense to very dense fascicles: above the stomata, pale olivaceous, forming dense to very dense fascicles above the stomata, simple or branched, flexuous, warehy «strane, 1-7 septate, apex rounded, or attenuate-truncate and some- times shouldered, 14-40 x 3-3.5 wm. Secondary mycelium superficial: hyphae pale olivaceous, septate, branched, 2-4 um wide, bearing secondary conidiophores as lateral branches.
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Conidia obclavate-cylindric, very pale olivaceous, straight or slightly curved, 1-9 septate (Sawada: 3-9 septate), apex reunded sepase obconic-truncate orratlenucate-truncate, 21-75 x 3=3.5 (-4) um (Sawada: 40-88 x 3-325 ym).
On Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L., (Malvaceae), in Raiganj, Westubinaypur, West, Benvals india, deg. Bon, Das, 15) 1X 1980, NoweeGC 3802 (IME -250373). (Herb. ;LAM Yen-#10599) .
Note: Pseudocercospora abelmoschi (Ell. §& Ev.) Deighton differs from.this species, by its wider conidia (3-7 um compared with 3-355.m).. But ald thevsystematic characters Of this fungus are similar to those of Pseudocercospora hibisci-cannabini (Sawada) Deighton, which have been well described and illustrated by Sawada (1921).
Fig. 2. Pseudocercospora hibisci-cannabini: A, Old and branched conidiophores; B, Formation of secondary mycelial hyphae; C & D, Secondary conidiophores; E, Conidia.
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3. Pseudocercospora micheliicola Yen, Kar §& Das, sp. PO Vieed Odo 3)
Maculis distinctis, angularis, nervuli limitatis, interdum irregularis, mediocriter brunneis, autem albo-griseis in medio, dis- persis, 2-5 mn diam., in-inferiore superficie minus distinctis. Caespitulis amphiphyllis, autem principaliter epiphyllis, punctiformis, atro-brunneis, in superiore superficie distributis. Mycelium immersum: hyphis pallide olivaceis, laevis, septatis, ramosis, 2.5-4.5 wm latis. Stromatibus atrobrunneis, globosis vel subglobosis, 20-50 um diam. Conidiophoris numerosis in dense vel valde dense fasciculo per stomatibus emergentis, mediocriter olivaceis vel pallide olivaceis, sursum pallidioris, laevis, simplicibus, semper tortuosis vel sinuosis, 0-3 septatis, 0-2 geniculatis, ad apicem rotundatis vel attenuatis, Cicatricibus conidialis indistinctis, 10-55 x 4-5 um. Conidiis obclaviformibus, olivaceis vel mediocriter olivaceis, rectis vel curvatis, 4-10 septatis, laevis, non constrictis, apice subacutis vel obtusis, basi obconico-truncatis, 55-120 x 5.5-7 um.
Habitat in foliis vivis Mtcheltae champacae L. (Magnoliaceae), ad Rajahatkhawa Sylva, Alipurduar, Jalpaiguri, Bengal occidentalis, India, leg. B.K. Das, 17 x 1980, No. PCC 4420 (Herb. LAM Yen #10603, holo- typus) .
Leaf spot distinct, angular, vein-limited, sometimes irregular, mid brown with a yrayish white center,, 2-5 mm in diameter, scattered, more visible on upper surface. Caespituli amphigenous, but chiefly epiphyllous, punctiforn, black brown, loosely distributed over the spot on upper surface. Mycelium internal: hyphae pale olivaceous, smooth, septate, branched, 2.5-4.5 wm wide. Stromata well developed, dark brown, globular, or subglobular, 20-50 um in diameter. Conidiophores emerging through the stomata, numerous in dense or very dense fascicles, mid olivaceous to pale olivaceous, but very pale olivaceous or subhyaline towards the tip, smooth, simple, always tortuous with a sinuous membrane, 0-3 septate, 0-2 geniculate, apex rounded or shouldered and attenuate, conidial scars not distinct, 10-
55 x 4-5 pm. Conidia obclaviform, olivaceous or mid olivaceous, straight or curved, smooth, not constricted,
4-10 septate, apex subacute or obtsue, base obconic-truncate, Son 20 Oe awe a
On Michelta champaca L. (Magnoliaceae), in Rajabhatkhawa Forest, Alipurduar, Jalpaiguri, West Benyal. India, ler:
Bek. Das, 17 0X T9805 No. PCC. 4420 .(Herb.. PAN Venms1 060 4)e
Note: Cercospora micheliae Boedijn differs from this fungus by its conidiophores only arising from the external mycelial hyphae, without stromata, and especially by its
much narrower conidia (3.5-4.5 um wide compared with 5.5-7 um wide). q
63
Fig.3. Pseudocercospora micheliicola: A, Conidiophores and formation
of conidia; B, Young conidiophores; Cc, Old conidiophores and stromata; D, Conidia.
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4. Pseudocercospora oroxyligena Yen, Kar & Das, sp.nov. (Figs 24)
Maculis indistinctis, tandem areae parvae angularis, nervuli limi- tatis, rufo-brunneis, 2-5 mm diam., in inferiore superficie invisibilis. Caespitulis districte hypophyllis, invisibilis. Mycelium immersum: hyphis pallide olivaceis, laevis, septatis, ramosis, 2.5-4.5 um latis. Stromatibus nullis. Conidiophoris solitariis vel 2-3 in fasciculo per stomatibus emergentis, pallide olivaceis, sursum pallidioris (fere hyalinis), simplicibus, erectis vel leniter curvatis, 0-3 septatis, non geniculatis, apex rotundatis vel attenuatis, interdum truncatis, cicatricibus conidialis interdum visibilis (2 um diam.), 50-100 x 7-9 um. Conidiis cylindraceis, fusiformis vel obclavato-cylindraceis, pallide olivaceis, rectis vel leniter curvatis, laevis, frequentissime constrictis, 1-5 septatis, apice rotundatis, basi attenuatis et truncatis, 24-87 x 7-9 um.
Habitat in foliis vivis Oroxylt indtet Vent. (Bignoniaceae), ad Garia, 24-Parganas, Bengal occidentalis, leg. B.K. Das, 26 XII 1979, No. PCC 4091a (IMI 256518a) (Herb. LAM Yen #10595, holotypus).
Leaf spot indistinct, only some pale reddish-brown angular discolored areas with indistinct margin, more or less. vein-limited, scattered or confluent, 2-5 mm in diam- eter, more visible on upper surface, but invisible on lower surface: CGaespitudi strictly hypophylious, invisible weven under hand lens. Mycelium internal: hyphae pale olivaceous, smooth, septate, branched, 2.5-4.5 wm wide. Stromata lacking. Conadvophoresssolitaryyor 2-3.in fascicles emerging through the stomata, pale olivaceous and paler to- Wards, the tip (almost hyaline), sample, straight or ?siuonery curved... 0-5, Séptate.. not pens culace, apexyrounded.omraete rr. ate and truncate, conidial scars sometimes visible (2 ym in diameter), 50-100-x.7-9 jms Contdia cy lindric,. fusitouimeon obclavate-cylindric, pale olivaceous, straight or slightly curved, 1-5 septate, smooth, often constricted atsseptum, apex rounded, base attenuate and subtruncate, 24-87 x 7-9 pm.
On Oroxylum indicum Vent. (Bignoniaceae), in Garia, 24- Parganas, West Bengal), india, leo. BK. Das\ 260,471 107 0. No. PCC 409laV (IMI 2565184), (Herbs LAM Yen #10595).
Noté:. Gercospora oroxsyli Karag Mandal differs from this fungus by its hyaline and filiform conidia.
5. Pseudocercospora pavettae-indicae (Gov. § Thirum.) Yen, Kar .G.Das, comb. nov. (Fig. 5, A-E) = Cerecospor: pavettae-indtege Gov. & Thirum., Sydowia 100271, 19577
Leak spot distinct , irregularly angular, more or less vein-limited, pale brown, sometimes without distinct margin, but sometimes with a linear raised dark-brown margin which is a discoloration of the limiting veinsey scattered oreo. fluent, 1-4 mm in diameter, clearer on upper surface. Caespituli amphigenous, visible as small dark punctiform bodies on both surfaces. Primary mycelium internal: hyphae pale olivaceous, smooth, branched, septate, 3-4 um wide. Stromata well developed, black-brown, globular or subglobular, 25-50 um in diameter. Conidiophores pale olivaceous, 5-25
Fig. 4. Pseudocercospora oroxyligena: A, Young conidiophores; B Pormation of conidia; C, 01d conidiophores; D, Conidia.
’
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66
in fascicles emerging through the stomata, simple, straight when young, flexuous when old, 0-3 septate, 0-2) geniculate, sometimes with membrane finely rugose, apex rounded or attenuate and subtruncate, conidial scars not distinct, 12-50 x 4-5 (-6) um. Secondary mycelium superficial: hyphae pale olivaceous, arising from the stomata, séptate) branched, 3-3.5 um wide, bearing the secondary conidiophores as lateral branches; “Conidia cylindric or obclavate=cy bindrie: pare olivaceous, straight or slightly curved, smooth not ‘con- stricted, 3-6 septate, apex rounded, base attenuate and truncace, 55-50 x (3-5 66) jim.
On Pavetta indica L. (Rubiaceae), in Amtalla, 24-Parganas, West) Bengal, India, leg. B.K. Das, 2571 X°197S), Nowe CCe ae (IMI 242957) (Herb. LAM Yen #10596).
Note: The systematic characters of this fungus are those of Cercospora pavettae-indicae Gov. § Thirum, which Govindu and Thirumalachar (1957) have described. (But tor lack of thickened conidial scars, this fungus: ought to be transferred to genus Pseudocercospora (Ps. pavettae-indicae).
6. Pseudocercospora stillingiae (E11. G0 EvVe yen. kare Das, comb. nov. (Fig. 5, F-1) = Cercospora stillingtae ba weg Oe Ge OUT SMV COL wh one nel O.o gs
Leaf spot orbicular or suborbicular, deep brown, border- ed by a yellowish zone without distinct margin, scattered, about 2-6 mm in diameter. Caespituli amphigenous, but chiefly hypophyllous, punctiform on lower surface of old spot, but not visible on young ones. Primary mycelium in- ternal: hyphae olivaceous or pale olivaceous, branched, septate, 2-4 um wide. Stromata well developed, dark brown, subglobular, 20-50 um in diameter. Conidiophores numerous in dense fascicles emerging through the stomata, pale olivaceous and very pale olivaceous towards the tip, simple, flexuous, 0-3 septate, 0-2 geniculate, apex rounded or shouldered, conidial scars sometimes visible, 10-30 x 3-4 um. Secondary mycelium superficial: hyphae pale olivaceous, arising from the stomata, branched, septate, 2-4 um wide, bearing the secondary conidiophores as lateral branches. Conidia cylindric or obclavate-cylindric, pale olivaceous, straight or slightly curved, smooth, not ‘constricted sus4 septate (generally 3-4 septate), ‘apex rounded, base obconic- truncate, 14-45. 30972 5- 4) wi.
On Sapium sebiferum Roxb. (Euphorbiaceae), in Duttapurkur, 24-Parganas, West Bengal, India, lepiw BK, Dace eis .ioe No. PCC 4061 (IMI 246496) (Herb. LAM #10598). ;
Note: This fungus shows the systematic characters of Cercospora stillingiae Ell. § Ev. On the other hand, Sawada (1943) has described a Cercospora sapii-sebiferi Sawada in Taiwan, but the description and the figures show that is a synonym of Cercospora stillingiae Ell. § Ev. But for lack of thickened conidial Scars, this species oucicero be transferred to genus Pseudocercospora (Ps. stillingiae).
67
=_
a
Fig. 5. Pseudocercospora pavettae-indicae(A-E): A, Primary conidio- phores; B, Young conidiophores and fromation of Conddad: | Caan Diy oCCon] dary conidiophores; E, Conidia.----Pseudocercospora stillingiae (P=) : F,Young conidiophores; C,0ld conidiophores; H,Secondary conidiophores; Tae Convddias
68
7. Pseudocercospora tectonicola Yen; Kang pac op. nove (Pio. 6)
Maculis indistinctis, Caespitulis hypophyllis, effusis atro- brunneis, dense velutinis. Mycelium immersum: hyphis pallide olivaceis, laevis, septatis, ramosis, 2-4 um latis. Stromatibus plerumque nullis, interdum mediocriter evolutis, atrobrunneis, subglobosis usque ad 20 ym diam. Conidiophoris hypophyllis, 2-12 in fasciculo per stomatibus emergentis, interdum solitariis, valde brunneis, sursum pallidioris, Simplicibus, 0-12 septatis, non geniculatis, inferne erectis et laevis, superne leniter flexuosis et rugosis, ad apicem rotundatis vel sub- cOniCIsS, Cicatricibus conidialis indistinctis, S$6=120 x 525-2 im: Conidiis obclavatis vel obclavato-cylindraceis, profunde brunneis, plerumque curvatis, raro rectis, 3-9 septatis, laevis, leniter con- strictis, apice rotundatis, basi attenuatis et truncatis, 30-100 x G.5- 8 um.
Habitat in foliis vivis Teetonae grandts L. (Verbenaceae), ad Santipur, Nadia, Bengal occidentalis, India, leg: Bik. Bas, 25) X01 1970. No. PCC 4102 (IMI 246495) (Herb. LAM Yen #10597, holotypus).
Leaf spot indistinct or none. Caespituli hypophyl louse deep dark brown, effuse, densely velutinous. Mycelium in- ternal:» hyphae pale olivaceious, smooth, septate, branched, 2-4 um wide. Stromata generally absent, sometimes poorly developed, dark-brown, subglobular, 20 wm in diameter. Con- idiophores hypogenous, 2-12 in fascicles emerging through the stomata, sometimes solitary, deep-brown, paler towards the tip, simple, straight when young, slightly flexuous when old, 0-12 septate, not geniculate, smooth below, rugose and more or less undulated above, apex rounded or subconic and sometimes swollen, conidial scars not distinct, 36-1705 2.0-6 ym. CGonidia obclavate or obclavate-cylindiric, deep- brown, generally slightly curved, sometimes straight, 3-9 septate, smooth; ‘sometimes with constrictions at the septum apex rounded, base attenuate-truncate, 30-100 x 6.5-8 um.
On Pectona grandis L. (Verbenaceae), an Santipur, Nadeae West Bengal, “India, legs B.K) Das, 28 XIV 1079. Now PCC (IMI 246495) (Herb. LAM Yen #10597).
Note: The Cercospora tectonae Stevens differs from this fungus in having hyaline conidia.
8. Pseudocercospora viticigena Yen, Kar & Das, sp. nov. GEIR 77)
Maculis aliquantum distinctis, atro-brunneis, in epiphyllo plus_ visibilis, suborbicularis, angularis vel irregularis, dispersis, 1-3 mm diam., interdum usque ad 4 mm longis. Caespitulis hypophyllis, invisi- bilis. Mycelium primarium immersum: hyphis subhyalinis vel pallidissime Olivaceis, laevis, septatis, ramosis,.1.5-3.5. um latis. Stromatibus atro-brunneis, irregulariter globosis, 24-40 um diam. Conidiophoris districte hypophyllis, numerosis in dense fasciculatis, pallide oliva- ceis et sursum pallidioris, simplicibus, 0-3 septatis, 0-2 geniculatis, saepe flexuosis, in superne interdum denticulatis, ad apicem attenuatis vel irregulariter rotundatis, cicatricibus conidialis interdum visibilis, 15-43 x 3-4 (-5) um. Mycelium secundarium sperficiale: hyphis ex stomatibus oriundis, pallidissime olivaceis, laevis, septatis, ramosis, 2.5-3 um latis, conidiophoris secundariis lateraliter gerentis. Con-
69
Fig. 6. Pseudocercospora tectonicola: B, Solitary conidiophores; C, Formation of conidia; D, Above part of old conidiophores; E, Conidia.
A,Fascicles of conidiophores;
70
idiis obclavato-cylindraceis, pallide olivaceis, rectis vel leniter curvatis, 1-6 septatis (plerumque 3 septatis), apice rotundatis, basi obconico-truncatis, 15-65 x 2-4 um.
Habitat in foliis vivis Vitiets negundo L. (Verbenaceae), ad Duttapukur, 24-Parganas, Bengal occidentalis, India, leg. B.K. Das, 1 III 1980, No. PCC 4256 (IMI 250374) (Herb. LAM Yen #10600, holotypus).
Leaf spot.rather distinct, dark-brown, more: visible lon upper surface, suborbicular, angular or irregular; scarecr. ed, 1-3 mm in diameter, sometimes up to 4 mm long. Caespi- tuli hypogenous, invisible even under the hand lens) @?ri- mary mycelium internal: hyphae subhyaline or very pale olivaceous, smooth, septate, branched, 1.53.5 Gm wide. Stromata black-brown, irregularly globular, 24-40 um in diameter. Conidiophores strictly hypophyllous, numerous in dense fascicles, pale olivaceous and paler towards the tip, simple, 0-3 septate, 0-2 geniculate, often tortuous, sometimes denticulate above, apex attenuate or irregularly rounded, conidial scars sometimes visible, 15-43 x 3-4 (-5) um. Secondary mycelium superficial: hyphae arising from stomata or from stromata and mixed with the primary conidio- phores, pale olivaceous, septate, branched, smooth, 2.5-3 um wide, bearing secondary conidiophores as lateral branches. Conidia obclavate-cylindric, pale olivaceous, straight or slightly curved, 1-6 septate but generally 3 septate, apex rounded, smooth, not constricted, base obconically truncate, 15-65 x 2-4 um.
On vitex negundo |L. (Verbenaceae), in Duttapukur, 24- Parganas, West Bengal, India, leo. B. Ky Das et bee ocae No. PCC 4256 (IMI 250374) (Herb. LAM Yen #10600).
Note: Cercospora viticis Hll. G| Ev., = webverz Cnupp and C. agawalii Chupp apud Agarwal §& Hasija differ from our fungus by their strictly epigenous fruiting. On the other hand, Pseudocercospora viticicola (Yen §& Lim) Yen and P. vitici-quinatae (Yen) Yen are distinct from this species by their always amphiphyllous caespituli.
9.. Stenella coffeae Yen, Kar & Das, sp. nov. (ie. ce)
Maculis irregulariter orbicularis, griseis vel obscure griseis, margine indistinctis, dispersis vel confluentis, 2-4 mm diam. Caespi- tulis hypophyllis, invisibilis. Mycelium primarium immersum: hyphis Olivaceis vel pallide olivaceis, laevis, septatis, ramosis, subtiliter verruculosis, 2.5-4 ym latis. Stromatibus atrobrunneis, subglobosis, 25-50 um diam. Conidiophoris primariis 2-14 in fasciculo per stomatibus emergentis, brunneis vel profunde brunneis, sursum pallidioris, Simplicibus, inferne erectis vel suberectis, superne tortuosis vel denticulatis, laevis, 4-6 septatis, non geniculatis, ad apicem rotunda- tis et saepe undulatis vel denticulatis et cicatricibus conidialis atrobrunneis ornatis, 65-220 x 4-5 um. Mycelium secundarium super- ficiale: hyphis ex stomatibus oriundis, pallide brunneo-olivaceis, laevis, septatis, ramosis, valde verruculosis, 2-3 um latis, conidio- phoris secundariis lateraliter gerentis. Conidiis cylindraceis, brunneis vel pallide brunneo-olivaceis, valde verruculosis, rectis vel leniter curvatis, interdum leniter undulatis, 3-18 septatis, non con- strictis, utrimque rotundatis, cellula basali in hilum atrobrunneun, 33-200 x 3-5 (-6) um.
71
Fig. 7. Pseudocercospora viticigena: A, Conidiophores and stromata; B, Formation of conidia; C, Formation of secondary mycelial hyphae; D, Secondary conidiophores; E, Conidia.
TZ
Habitat in foliis vivis Coffeae bengalensts Roxb. (Rubiaceae), ad Baraipur, 24-Parganas, Bengal occidentalis, India, leg. B.K. Das, 6 XEI< 19793 No. PCO 4014 (IMI 246498) (Herb. LAM Yen #10592, holotypus).
Leaf spot blurred, irregularly orbicular, gray to dark pray, without distinct margin, scattered or ‘conftivent ez mm in diameter. Caespituli hypogenous, invisible even under hand lens. Primary mycelium internal: hyphae olivaceous or pale’ olivaceous, septate, branched, finely verruculose, 75. aaim widées “Stromata dark brown, subvlobular, 2550 une diameter. Primary conidiophores 2-14 in fascicles emerging through the.-stomata, brown to deep brown, paler towards the tip, simple, straight or substraipht below; very cortuou: above, smooth, 4-16 septate, not geniculate, apex arounded and often undulated or denticulate, decorated with thickened conidial scars on the shoulders, 65-220 x 4-5 qm. Seconda... mycelium superficial: hyphae pale brown-olivaceous, arising from the stomata, septate, branched, strongly verruculose, 2-3 um wide, bearing secondary conidiophores which are much more shorter than the primary conidiophores. Conidia cylindric, brown. or pale brown-olivaceous, stronglyoverrucy— lose, straight or Slachtly- curved, sometimes slightly un- dulate, 3-18 septate, not constricted, rounded on both ends, decorated with dark-brown cicatrice on the hilum, 33-200 x 3-5 (-6)° pm.
On Coffea bengalensis Roxb. (Rubiaceae), in Baraipur, 24-Parganas, West Bengal, India, leg;. B.KY Das, 6 XII No. PCC 4014 (IMI 246498) (Herb. LAM Yen #10592).
Note: “According to Chupp (1953); Seymour (1967) ana Ellis (1976), there are three species of Cercospora (Cercos- pore wcorfetcola Berk. .& Cké., Ca herrerana’ Parn. and. c. coffeae Zimm.) which are parasites on the leaves of Coffea. Bue recently, Holliday (1980) considers that’ cCercospora herrerana Farn. and C. coffeae Zimm. .are just the synonyms ofACercospora cofteidola Berk,..& Cke. (The ase species differs from our fungus by its smooth and hyaline conidia.
lO.+Stenelta garugqae Yen, Kar'’6 Das, sp. nev. (bre.
Maculis indistinctis. Caespitulis districte hypophyllis, effusis, angularis et nervuli limitatis, atro-olivaceis, in maculo parvis, dis- persis, 0.5-2 mm diam., interdum confluentis. Mycelium primarium immer- sum: hyphis pallidissime olivaceis, laevis, septatis, ramosis, 1-2.5 um latis. Stromatibus nullis. Conidiophoris primariis hypophyllis, 2-8 in fasciculo per stomatibus emergentis, divergentis, olivaceis vel pallide olivaceis, sursum pallidioris, laevis, simplicibus vel ramosis, inferne erectis, superne leniter flexuosis, 0-3 septatis, 0-2 geniculatis, ad apicem flectis et attenuatis, cicatricibus conidialis raro visibilis, 12-45 x 4-5 wm. Mycelium secundarium superficiale: hyphis ex stomatibus vel ex conidiophoris primariis oriundis, pallide olivaceis, septatis, ramosis, subtiliter verruculosis, 1.5-4 um latis, conidiophoris second- ariis lateraliter gerentis. Conidiis obclavato-cylindraceis, pallide olivaceis, rectis vel leniter curvatis, subtiliter verruculosis, non constrictis, 3-9 septatis, apice rotundatis vel subobtusis, basi obcon- icis et attenuato-truncatis, 32-90 x 3-4 unm.
vie)
Wick
Fig. 8. Stenella coffeae: A, Fascicles of conidiophores; B, Old conidiophores; C, Secondary conidiophores; D, Above part of conidio- phores; E, Conidia.
74
Habitat in foliis vivis Gargugae pitnnatae Roxb. (Burseraceae), ad Simurali, Nadia, Bengal occidentalis, India, leg. B.K. Das, 4 XII 1980, No. PCC 4462 (Herb. LAM Yen #10602, holotypus).
Leaf spot indistinct or none. Caespituli always hypo- phyllous, forming olivaceous to dark olivaceous angular small blotches on lower surface, clearly vein-limited, effuse, scattered, 0.5-2 mm in diameter, sometimes confluent. Pri- mary mycelium internal: hyphae very pale olivaceous, smooth, septate, branched, 1-2.5 wm wide. Stromata absent. Conidio- phores 2-8 in fascicles emerging through the stomata, but at the same time secondary conidiophores arising abundantly from secondary mycelial hyphae as lateral branches, both kinds of conidiophores similar to each other, olivaceous or mid to pale olivaceous and paler towards the tip, generally simple, rarely once branched, straight below and slightly flexuous above, 0-3 septate, 0-2 geniculate, apex often shouldered and attenuate-truncate, conidial scars sometimes distinct, 12-45 x 4-5 wm... Secondary mycelium superficial: “hyphae pale olivaceous, arising from the stomata or from the pro- longation of primary conidiophores, septate, branched, very finely verruculose, 1.5-4 ym wide, bearing abundant second- ary conidiophores as lateral branches. Conidia obclavate- cylindric, pale olivaceous, straischt or very slightly curved, very finely verruculose, 3-9 septate, apex rounded’ corpse obtuse, base obconic and attenuate-truncate, 32-90 x 3-4 um.
On Gargua pinnata Roxb. (Burseraceae), in Simurali, Nadia, West Bengal, India; legs BiRe Das, 4X11 T9800 [3 No.
PCC 4462 (Herb. LAM Yen #10602) .
11. Stenella oroxylicola Yen, Kar & Das, sp. nov: (Fire. 10)
Maculis indistinctis, tantum area parva brunnea, margine indis- tinctis, leniter nervuli limitatis, angularis, dispersis, 2-5 mm dian., interdum confluentis, in superiore superficie plus distinctis. Caespitulis hypophyllis, effusis, in inferiore superficie griseis. Mycelium immersum: hyphis pallidissime olivaceis, laevis, septatis, ramosis, 2-5 ym latis. Stromatibus nullis. Conidiophoris 2-8 in fasci- culo per stomatibus emergentis, brunneo-olivaceis, sursum pallidioris, plerumque simplicibus, raro ramosis, laevis (cum membrana incrassatula), saepe flexuosis, 2-13 septatis, leniter multigeniculatis, ad apicem rotundatis vel flectis, cicatricibus conidialis interdum visibilis, 80- 260 x 6-7 um. Conidiis obclavatis, pallide olivaceis, lenitissime curvatis, subtiliter verruculosis, non constrictis, 3-6 septatis, ad apicem subconicis, basi attenuato-truncatis, 40-105 x 5-6 um.
Habitat in foliis vivis Oroxylt indict Vent. (Bignoniaceae), ad Garia, 24-Parganas, Bengal occidentalis, India, leg. B.K. Das, 26 XII 1979, No. PCC 4091 (IMI 256518) (Herb. LAM Yen #10594, holotypus).
Leaf spot indistinct, only some brownish angular dis- colored small areas without definite margin, slightly vein- limited, more visible on upper surface, scattered, 2-5 mm in diameter, sometimes confluent. Caespituli hypophyllous, effuse, gray, visible on lower surface of the leaf spot. Mycelium internal: hyphae pale olivaceous, smooth, branch- ed, septate, 2-5 um wide. Stromata absent. Conidiophores 2-8 in fascicles emerging through the stomata, brown-
75
hores; B, Young c, Secondary
Fascicle of conidiop dary mycelial hyphae;
Stenella garugae: Tye es and formation of secon Dy Conidia.
pe pone conidiophor conidiophores;
76
olivaceous and paler towards the tip, generally simple. occasionally branched, smooth with rather thick wall, almost £lexuous, 2-13 septate, slightly multigeniculate, apex rounded or shouldered and attenuate, conidial scars sometimes visible, 80-260 x 6-7 um. Conidia obclavate, pale olivaceous, slightly curved, finely verruculose, 5-0 septate, (ioc. stricted, apex subconic, base obconic-truncate,) 40-10 sexo um.
On Oroxylum indicum Vent. (Bignoniaceae), in Garia, 24- Parganas, West Bengal, India, ley. Bik. Das, 26) 1 moc. No. PCC 4091 (IMI 256518) (Herb. LAM Yen #10594).
12. Stenella xeromphigena Yen, Kar & Das, sp. nov. (Fig, puts)
Maculis distinctis, plerumque orbicularis, in epiphyllo albo- griseis, in hypophyllo pallide brunneis, autem margine linearis sub- elevatis, dispersis, 3-14 mm diam., interdum confluentis. Caespitulis amphiphyllis, autem principaliter epiphyllis, in superiore superficie obscure punctiformis. Mycelium primarium immersum: hyphis olivaceis, frequentissime subter cuticulis repentis, septatis, ramosis, 2.5-3 um latis. Stromatibus subter cuticulis positis, atrobrunneis, globosis vel subglobosis, 30-55 ym diam. Conidiophoris primariis 12-42 in fasciculo per scissuris cuticulis emergentis, olivaceis, concoloris, laevis, simplicibus, erectis, cylindraceis, 1-3 septatis, non genicula- tis, ad apicem irregulariter rotundatis vel attenuatis, cum cicatricibus conidialis atrobrunneis ornatis, 14-65 x 3-4 um. Mycelium secundarium superficiale: hyphis olivaceis vel pallide olivaceis, hypophyllis, ex stomatibus oriundis, repentis vel arcuatis, subtiliter verruculosis, septatis, ramosis, 2.5-3.5 um latis, conidiophoris secundariis lateral- iter gerentis. Conidiis cylindraceis vel vermiformis, olivaceis, rectis vel leniter curvatis, interdum undulatis, solitariis vel catena- tis, utrimque rotundatis, interdum utrimque cicatricibus atrobrunneis ornatis, plerumque cellulis basali in hilum cicatricibus atrobrunneis ornatis, 20-156 x 3-4 un.
Habitat in foliis vivis Xeromphidts ultginosae (Rubiaceae), ad Sylva Raiganj, Dinajpur occidentalis, Bengal occidentalis, India, leg. B.K. Das, 25 III 1980, No. PCC 4286 (IMI 250390) (Herb. LAM Yen #10593; holotypus).
Leaf spot distinct, generally orbicular, sray-whitish on upper surface, pale brownish on lower surface, but with a linear raised margin on both surfaces, scattered, 3-14-mm in diameter, sometimes confluent. Caespituli amphiphyllous, but chiefly. epiphyivous, visible as small dark, punctirerm on upper surface of the leaf spot. Primary mycelium internad, hyphae olivaceous, often under the cuticle, septate, branc’ ed, 2.5-3.5 wm wide. Stromata well developed, generally Situated between the cuticle and the epidermal cells, dark- brown, globular or subglobular, 30-55 wm in diameter. Pri- mary conidiophores 12-42 in fascicles emerging through the TUpcure Of -cutrelé, olivaceous. and concolorous, simple, cylindric and straight, 1-3 septate, apex irregularly rounded or attenuate-truncate and decorated with dark-brown conidial scars, 14-65 x 3-4 um. Secondary mycelium super- ficial: hyphae olivaceous or pale olivaceous, hypophyllous, abundant, arising from the stomata, repent or arcuate, finely verruculose, branched, septate, 2.5-3.5 um wide,
Ta
Fig. 10. Stenella oroxylicola:A, Old conidiophores; B, Young conidiophores; C, Branched conidiophores; D, Formation of conidia;
Bp Conidia.
78
Fig. 11. Stenella xeromphigena: A, Conidiophores and stromata; B, Young conidiophores; C, Old conidiophores; D, Secondary conidio- phores; E, Conidia.
ib!)
bearing secondary conidiophores as lateral branches. Conid- ia cylindric-or narrowly vermiform, olivaceous, straight or curved and undulated, finely verruculose, 1-14 septate, not constricted, solitary or catenate, rounded on both ends, generally decorated with a dark-brown cicatrice on the hilun, but sometimes both ends decorated by two dark-brown cica- ErIcesn ac 150 xX 3-4 jm,
On leaves of Xeromphis uliginosa (Rubiaceae), in Raigani Forest, West Dinajpur, West Bengal, India, leg. B.K. Das, Zot tos No. PCC) 4286 "CIM! 250390) ’(Herb EAM. Yen #10593).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are grateful to Dr. F. C. Deighton and Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, England, for the help given in the determination of critical specimens. We are much indebted to Dr. Richard P. Korf, Professor of Mycology of Cornell University and Dr. Don R. Reynolds, Curator in Botany of Los Angeles County Natural History Museum, for re- viewing the manuscript.
DELLE RATLURE Ci hE D
Boedijn, K. B. 1961. The genus Cercospora in Indonesia. Nova Hedwigia. 3:424,
Ciipp, Cy 19530 A) monograph of the genus Cercospora., pp. 212, 0231, SOT » AIS eee ley po76:, ‘anda o 7;
Deighton, F. C. 1959. Studies on Cercospora and allied genera 1. Cer- cospora species with coloured spores on Phyllanthus (Euphorbiaceae). Mycol. Pap. 71:3-23.
Deighton, F. C.. 1976. Studies on Cercospora and allied genera VI. Pseudocercospora Speg., Pantospora Cif., and Cercoseptoria Petr. Mycol, Pap. 140:40, 138, and 145.
Ellis, M. B. 1976. More-Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. p. 283.
Govindu, H. C. & Thirumalachar, M. J. 1957. Notes on some Indian Cercosporae. Sydowia, 10:271.
Holliday, P. 1980. Fungus diseases of tropical crops. p. 68.
Kar, A. K. & Mandal, M. 1969. New Cercospora spp. from West Bengal. Trans. Br. Mycol, Soc., 55:344;
Pavgi, M. S. & Singh, M. P. 1966. Parasitic fungi from North India VII. Mycopath. Mycol. appl. 30:267.
Sawada, Ke 1921. "Descr.. Cat, Formosan Fungi, 2:153.
Sawada, K. 1943. Descr. Cat. Formosan Fungi, 8:99.
Sawada, K. 1959, Descr. Cat. Formosan Fungi, 11:227.
Seymour, A. B. 1967. Host index of the fungi of North America. p. 618.
Yen, J. M. 1977. Etudes sur les champignons parasites du Sud-Est asiatique 26. Les Cercospora de Formose II.! Bull. Soc. Mycol.
Fro poo doo.
Yen, J. M. 1978. Etudes sur les champignons parasites du Sud-Est aSsiatique 33. Les Cercospora de Formose V. Pseudocercospora. Bull Soc. Mycol. Fr.-94:385-389.
Yen, J. M. & Lim, G. 1973. Etudes sur les champignons parasites du Sud-Est asiatique 20. Dixieme note sur les Cercospora de Malaisie. Cahiers du Pacifique, No. 17:104.
Yen, J. M. & Lim, G. 1980. Cercospora and allied genera of Singapore and the Malay Peninsula. Gardens' Bulletin, Singapore. 33:190.
MYCOTAXON
Vol exV ie Nos wi epp. OU o'5 October-December 1982
STUDIES ON HYPHOMYCETES FROM WEST BENGAL, INDIA, III. CERCOSPORA AND ALLIED GENERA OF WEST BENGAL, 3
JO-MIN YEN
Natural History Museum, 900 Exposition Boulevard Los Angeles, California 90007, U.S.A.
and
A. Ke. KAR and B.~ kK. DAS Department of Botany, Presidency College, Calcutta-700073, India ABSTRACT
The third of a series of studies on Hyphomycetes from West Bengal, India, includes descriptions and illustrations of six new species of Indian Cercosporae: Cercoseptorta ee: sp. nov., on Caesalpinta digyna; C. cedrelae sp. nov., on Cedrela toona; Phaeotsartopsis caesalpintae Sp. nov., on Caesalpinta bonducella; Pseudocercospora melt- teola sp. nov., on Melta azedarach; Stenella cedrelae sp. nov., on Cedrela toona; and Stenella cynancht sp. nov., on Cynanchum callttata.
1. Cercoseptoria caesalpiniae Yen, Kar @ Das, sp, nov. (CBig® 1)
Maculis indistinctis. Caespitulis districte hypophyllis, invisi- bilis. Mycelium immersum: hyphis pallidissime olivaceis vel sub- hyalinis, laevis, septatis, ramosis, 2.5-5 um latis, interdum usque ad 7 um latis, substomatalis. Stromatibus nullis vel valde inchoatis. Conidiophoris hypophyllis, 2-15 in fasciculo per stomatibus emergentis, pallide olivaceis, concoloris, simplicibus vel ramosis, erectis vel leniter flexuosis, 1-6 septatis, 0-1 geniculatis, ad apicem rotundatis, cicatricibus conidialis invisibilis, 30-60 x 4-5 um. Conidiis cylin- draceis, pallide olivaceis, rectis vel leniter curvatis, plerumque 3 septatis, interdum 5 vel 7 septatis, laevis, non constrictis, apice rotundatis, basi truncatis, 35-85 x 3-3.5 um.
Habitat in foliis vivis Caesalpinitae digynae Rottb. (Leguminosae), ad Aranghata, Nadia, Bengal occidentalis, India, leg. B.K. Das, 29 XII 1979, No. PCC 3708 (IMI 237401) (Herb. LAM Yen #10610, holotypus).
Leaf spot indistinct or none. Caespituli strictly hypo- phyllous, invisible even under the hand lens. Mycelium internal: hyphae very pale olivaceous or subhyaline, smooth, branched, septate, 2.5-5 wm wide, up to 7 um for thatihsituated beneath the stomata. Stromata Jacking omvery rudimentary. Conidiophores hypophyllous, 2-15 in fascicles
81
Fig. 1. Cercoseptoria caesalpiniae: A, Branched conidiophores; B, Young conidiophores and rudimentary stromata; C, Formation of conidia; D, 3 septate conidia; E, 5-7 septate conidia.
82
emerging through the stomata, pale olivaceous, concolorous, simple or branched, straight or slightly flexuous, 1-6 septate, 0-1 geniculate, smooth, apex rounded or attenuate and sometimes slightly swollen, conidial scars indistinct, 30-60%x 4-50pm.. Conidia cylindric; pate oltvaceous, straight or slightly curved, generally 3 septate (sometimes 5 or 7/,.septate), ‘smooth, not constricted, apex. 1ounded, base truncate, (35-65 x, 5-5..5 um.
On living leaves of Caesalpinia dtgyna Rottb. (Legumi- nosaeée),iiin Aranghata, Nadia, West Bengal, India, leg. ye ox Das, 29 XIT 1979, No. PCC 3708 (IMI 257401)"9 (Hero. Ameren) #10610).
2. Cercoseptoria cedrelae Yen, Kar §& Das, sp. nov. (Fig. 2)
Maculis angularis vel irregularis, saepe nervuli limitalis, cum margine aliquantum distinctis, primo lucido-brunneis, dein in epi- phyllo albo-griseis et in hypophyllo obscure brunneis, dispersis, in- terdum confluentis, 1-8 mm diam. Caespitulis amphigenis, autem princi- paliter hypophyllis, atro-punctiformis. Mycelium primarium immersun: hyphis pallidissime olivaceis, laevis, septatis, ramosis, 2-2.5 um latis. Stromatibus atro-brunneis, globosis vel subglobosis, saepe intra cellulis epidermicis, 20-30 um diam. Conidiophoris 5-32 in fasciculo per scissuris cellulis epidermicis emergentis, pallide Olivaceis vel olivaceis, concoloris, simplicibus, laevis, 0-1 septatis, O-1 geniculatis, cicatricibus conidialis indistinctis, ad apicem irregulariter rotundatis, 14-35 x 3.5-4.5 um. Mycelium secundarium superficiale: hyphis ‘pallide olivaceis, ex stomatibus oriundis, laevis, septatis, ramosis, 2-3 um latis, conidiophoris secundariis lateraliter manifestibus. Conidiis filiformis, pallidissime olivaceis, leniter curvatis, plerumque 5 septatis (raro 2 vel 6 septatis), laevis, non constrictis, apice obtusis, basi truncatis, 50-80 x 2-2.5 um.
Habitat in foliis vivis Cedredae toonae Roxb. (Meliaceae), ad Rai- ganj, Dinajpur occidentalis, Bengal occidentalis, India, leg. B.K. Das, 7 X 1980, No. PCC 4415a (Herb. Lam Yen #10608, holotypus) .
Leaf spot. distinct, angular’ or irregular, often, vyein- limited, with margin-rather, distanct,, at tarst brownish becoming later to white-grayish on upper surface and dull brown on lower surface, scattered or confluent, 1-8 mm in diameter. Caespituli amphigenous, but chiefly hypophyllous, black punctiform. Primary mycelium internal: hyphae pale olivaceous, smooth, branched, septate, 2-2.5 wm wide. Stromata globular or subglobular, dark brown, often situ- ated in the epidermal cells, 20-30 um in diameter. <‘Conidic-; phores 5-32 in fascicles emerging through the rupture of the epidermal cells, pale olivaceous to mid olivaceous, con- colorous, simple, smooth, 0-1 (rarely 2) septate, 0-1 geniculate, conidial scars not visible, apex irregularly rounded (sometimes shouldered), 14-35 x 3.5-4 um. Secondary mycelium superficial: hyphae pale olivaceous, arising from the stomata, smooth, branched, septate, 2-3 um wide, bearing secondary conidiophores as lateral branches. Conidia very pale iolivaceous, “filiform, sliehtly curved, ‘veenenally ms septate (rarely 6 septate), smooth, not constricted, apex obtuse, base truncate, 2-2.5 wm wide and 50-80.m long.
On living leaves of Cedrela toona Roxb. (Meliaceae), in
83
Fig. 2. Cercoseptoria cedrelae: A, Old conidiophores and stromata; B & C, Young conidiophores and stromata; D, Formation of secon- dary mycelial hyphae; E, Secondary conidiophores; F, Conidia.
84
Raiganj, West Dinajpur, West Bengal, India, tego bak Dace 7 X 19805) No. 8PCG 4415a (Herb. LAM Yen | boogie).
3, Phaeoisariopsts caesalpiniae Yen, KameG Das. icp nov. CR. 33)
Maculis orbicularis vel suborbicularis, clare brunneis, minusculis, 1-2 mm diam., dispersis, cum marginis atro-linearis et subelevatis cir- cumtextis, raro confluentis. Caespitulis districte hypophyllis, atro- punctiformis. Mycelium immersum: hyphis subhyalinis, laevis, ramosis, septatis, 2.5-3.5 um latis. Stromatibus evolutis, irregulariter globo- sis, 30-45 um diam. Conidiophoris hypophyllis, pallide brunneo- olivaceis, sursum pallidioris, laevis, 12-32 in fasciculo synnematiforme aggregatis, multi-septatis, simplicibus, plerumque erectis, ad apicem rotundatis, cicatricibus conidilis distinctis (2-2.5 um diam.) , 50-215x 4-6 um. Conidiis obclavatis vel obclavato-cylindraceis, pallidissime olivaceis, plerumque curvatis, raro rectis, 2-9 septatis, laevis,
-apice rotundatis, basi obconico-truncatis, 43-105 x 5-6.5 um.
Habitat in foliis vivis Caesalptntae bonducellae (L.) Flem. (Leguminosae), ad Palpara, Nadia, Bengal occidentalis, India, Leg. B.K. Das, 25 XI 1979, No. PCC 3706 (IMI 237382) (Herb. LAM Yen #10611, holo- typus) .
Leat spot distinct, orbicular or suborbicular, bison brown, often bordered with a raised dark linear margin on both two surfaces, scattered or slightly confluent, “l-2emm in diameter. Caespituli always hypophyllous, in dark puncti- form. Mycelium internal: hyphae subhyaline, smooth, septate, branched, 2.5-3.5 um wide. Stromata well developed, sub- stomatal, irregularly globular, 30-45 um an diameter.) Gon: ophores hypophyllous, synnematous, 12-32 in dense synnemata arising from the well developed stromata, olivaceous-brown and paler towards the tip, simple, multiseptate, generally straight, not geniculate, smooth, dark-brown conidial scars Visible, at the tip of young: conidiophores (2-2) 5.7mm diameter), apex rounded, 50-215 x 4-6 um. Conidia obclavate or obclavate-cylindric, very pale olivaceous, generality curved, 2-9 septate, smooth, not constricted, apex rounded, base obconic-truncate, 43-105 x 5-6.5 um.
On living leaves of Caesalpinita bonducella (L.) Flem. (Leguminosae), in Palpara, Nadia, West Bengal, India, leg: Ban. Das, 2 XL 1979.,No, PCC 3706 (IML 237382) (Herb on Yen #10611).
4. Pseudocercospora kashotoensts (Yamamoto) Deighton (Fig. 4) CMI Mycological. Papers, No., 140.1462 [007 Gr. = Cercospora kashotoensts Yamamoto, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. FPOUVMOS a. 20.2527, 919.50),
Leaf spot indistinct or none. Caespituli hypophyllous, slightly effuse, forming pale olivaceous blotches on lower surface, without any boundary. Primary mycelium internal: hyphae very pale olivaceous or subhyaline, smooth, septate, branched, 2-3 yum wide. Stromata none. Conidiophores hypo- phyllous, 2-7 in: loose fascicles emerging through the sto- mata, brown-olivaceous or pale brown, simple or rarely branched, straight and attenuate when young, flexuous or
85
Fig. 3. Phaeoisariopsis caesalpiniae: A, Stromata; B, Young conidio- phores: C, Synnemata(caespitose conidiophores); D, Formation Ge Comukeliiep i, Comsrclile-
86
sinuous when old, 1-4 septate, 0-2 geniculate, sometimes forming pseudo-annellations, apex rounded or shouldered, conidial scars scarcely visible but sometimes visible on
the shoulders or at the end of short denticles (1.5-2 jm in diameter), 25-75 x 4-6 um. Secondary mycelium superficial: hyphae pale olivaceous, arising from the stomata, smooth, septate, branched, 2-3 um wide, bearing secondary conidio- phores as lateral branches. Conidia cylindric or obclavate- cylindric, very pale olivaceous, straight or slightly ‘curved, 1-7 septate, apex subacute to subrounded, base attentuate- truncate of obconic-trincate; 25-105 kos oem:
On living leaves of Clerodendron itnerme (L.) Gaertn. (Verbenaceae), in Andul, Howrah, West Bengal, India, leg. B.K. Das, 20 XII 1979, No. PCC 4082 (IMI 254413) a( ferro. aw Yen #10604).
Note: The Pseudocercospora clerodendrt (Miyake) Deigh- ton differs from this fungus by its distinct suborb reulae to angular leaf spot and especially by its fruiting amphi. phyllous or almost epiphyllous.
Distribution: Taiwan (China) and West Bengal (India).
5. Pseudocercospora meliicola Yen, Kar § Das, sp. nov. (Fig. 5)
Maculis distinctis, in epiphyllo plus visibilis, angularis vel irregularis, per nervuli limitatis, in inferiore superficie lucido- brunneis, in superiore superficie albo-brunneis, dispersis vel leniter confluentis, plerumque 1-4 mm diam., interdum usque ad 8 x 4 mn. Caespitulis amphigenis, autem principaliter epiphyllis. Mycelium primarium immersum: hyphis pallide olivaceis, laevis, ramosis, septatis, 2-3 um latis. Stromatibus atrobrunneis, subglobosis, 25-35 um diam. Conidiophoris amphiphyllis, numerosis in fasciculo per stomatibus emergentis, pallide brunneo-olivaceis, concoloris, plerumque simplicibus, interdum ramosis, flexuosis, 0-3 septatis, 0-2 geniculatis, laevis, ad apicem rotundatis vel attenuatis, cicatricibus conidialis indistinctis, 15-45 (-50) x 3-4.5 um. Mycelium secundarium superficiale: hyphis pallide olivaceis, cum conidiophoris primariis commixa in fasciculo per stomatibus emergentis, septatis, ramosis, laevis, 2-3.5 um latis, conidiophoris secundariis lateraliter gerentis. Conidiis obclavato- cylindraceis, pallide olivaceis, plerumque leniter curvatis, 3-8 (-11) septatis, apice rotundatis vel subobtusis, basi attenuatis vel obconico- truncatis, 28-92 (-120) x 3-4 um.
Habitat in foliis vivis Meltae azedarach L. (Meliaceae), ad Mallick- pur, 24-Parganas, Bengal occidentalis, India, leg. B.K. Das, 4 IX 1980, No. PCC 4352 (Herb. LAM Yen #10609, holotypus).
Léaf spot distinct, much more visible von upper sugiace. angular or irregular, vein-limited, brown-whitish on upper surface and bright brown on lower surface, scattered or slightly confluent, 1-4 mm in diameter, sometimes up to 8 x 4 mm. Caespituli amphigenous, but chiefly epiphyllous. Primary mycelium internal: hyphae pale olivaceous, smooth, branched, septate, 2-3 um wide. Stromata dark-brown, sub- globular, 25-35 um in diameter. Conidiophores numerous in fascicles emerging through the stomata, pale brown-olivaceous, concolorous, generally simple, sometimes branched, flexuous, 0-3 septate, 0-2 geniculate, smooth, apex rounded or attenuates
ares
diophores; D, Pseudo-annellations; E,
87
Pseudocercospora kashotoensis: A, Young conidiophores and formation of conidia; B, Old conidiophores; C, Branched coni-
Secondary conidiophores;
Eye COnudaa:.
88
Fig. 5. Pseudocercospora meliicola: A, Stromata and young conidio- phores;B, Branched conidiophores; C, Old conidiophores; D, Forma- tion of secondary mycelial hyphae; E,Secondary conidiophores; F, Conidia.
89
CChutat IsCars indistinct, US745. (-50)yx) 3-4.5 qm. Secondary mycelium superficial: hyphae pale olivaceous, arising from the stomata and mixed with the primary conidiophores, septate, branched, smooth, 2-3.5 wm wide, bearing secondary conidio- phores as lateral branches. Conidia obclavate-cylindric,
pale olivaceous, generally slightly curved, 3-8 (-ll) septate, apex rounded or subobtuse, base attenuate or obconically truncate, 28-92 (-120) x 3-4 ym.
On living leaves of Melita azedarach L. (Meliaceae), in Mallickpur, 24-Parganas, West Bengal, India, leg. B.K. Das,
Ai NeOs80 5 No, PGG-43552" (Herb. LAM Yen #10609))°.
Note: The Pseudocercospora subsessilis (H. §& P. Sydow) Perenhtousditters trom this fungus. by) its icircular and not vein-limited leaf spot, by its hypophyllous caespituli and especially by its conidiophores not septate, not branched and not geniculate.
6. Pseudocercospora phyllanthi-ntrurt (Yen) Yen (Fig. 6, D&E) Gardens oulletin Singapore 33: 181, 19380.
= Cereospora phyllanthi-nirurt Yen, Revue de Mycologie 32: POZ VOGT;
Syn. Cercospora phyllanthticola Yen, REvue de Mycologie. 30: Pepe 90 5,.
non Cereospora phyllanthteola Shakil §& Kamal, Indian Phyto- DabNOLogy 152296, 1962.
Leat spot indistinct ‘or none. ‘Caespituli always hypo- phyllous, etfuse, velutinous, olivaceous-gray, often extend- iiRewand covering the whole Lower surface of the leaf:
Mycelium anternal: hyphae pale olivaceous, smooth, septate, branched, 2.5-4 ym wide. Stromata lacking. Conidiophores 2-8 in fascicles emerging through the stomata, pale to mid brown-olivaceous, simple and straight when young, flexuous and branched when old,\1-7. septate, 0-2 geniculate, conidial scars rarely visible, apex rounded, 18-110 x 4-6 ym. Conidia obclavate-cylindric but always crescent-shaped, pale oliva- ceous, 3 septate, apex rounded, base attenuate and obconical- VY oruncace (52-5) “x 455-6. ms
On living leaves of Phyllanthus nirurt L. (Euphorbiaceae), invoimurali, Nadia, West Bengal, India, leg. B.K, Das, 4 XII boS0e Noe ePCC 4465. CIMT 254415) (Herb. LAM Yen..#10006)..
Note: This fungus differs from other species on Phyllan- thus by its conidia always 3 septate and 4.5-6 ym wide.
Distribution; singapore: and India.
7. Pseudocercospora tremattcola (Yen) Deighton (Fig. 6, A-C) CMI Mycological Papers 140:154, 1976. =~cercospora tremattcord Ven, Bull. (soc. Mycol, Pr. .36: (aes als AUR
Leaiy spot indistinct,.or none.» Caespitnl se cenerdal ly, hypophyllous, effuse, velutinous, forming angular and vein- limited areas,,.small, dark-gray, scattered, 1-1.5 mm in diam- eter, sometimes confluent. Mycelium internal: hyphae oliva- ceous, smooth, septate, branched, 3-5.5 ym wide. Stromata none. Conidiophores 2-15 in fascicles emerging through the stomata, pale olivaceous to mid olivaceous, simple or branch- ed, flexuous or undulated, 3-10 septate, smooth, not genicu- late, apex rounded or attenuate, conidial scars indistinct,
90
30-135 x 4.5-6 um. Secondary mycelium superficial: hyphae pale olivaceous’,, arising from; the base of thevfascicies mr primary conidiophores, septate, branched, smooth, 2-3.5 yum wide, bearing numerous secondary conidiophores as lateral branches. Conidia cylindric, pale olivaceous. generalhy, straight, sometimes slightly curved, 3-10 septate, apex rounded, base obconically truncate, 30-130 x 4.5-6 um.
On living leaves of Trema orientalis Bl. (Ulmaceae), in Simurali, Nadia, West Bengal, India, leg. B.K. Das, 4 XII 1980, No. PCC 4464 (IMI 254414) (Herb... LAM Yem #10612).
Distribution: Singapore, Taiwan (China) and India.
8. Pseudocercospora tritumfettae (H. Sydow) Deighton CMin Mycological Papers 1402122) 19.76:. =Cercospora triumfettae H. Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 28:218, 1930.
On living leaves of Triumfetta rhombotdea L. (Tillia- ceae), in Hemtabad Forest, West Dinajpur, West Bengal, India, leg. BK. Dasiii7 X°1980 . Now PCC 4403 CIM ot 40s tierra LAM Yen #10605).
Note: We have sent the materials of this fungus to Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, England, and it is identified as Pseudocercospora triumfettae (H. Sydow) Deigh- ton. Deighton (1976) has well described and illustrated all the, characters or this species.
Distribution: Venezuela, Brazil, Bermuda, Cuba keep. Dominica, and India.
Oo. Stenella cedreLae: Yen, Kar § Das,..sp. nov. .(iam
Maculis distinctis, angularis vel irregularis, denique in hypo- phyllo obscure brunneis, in epiphyllo albo-griseis, dispersis, 1-8 mm diam., interdum confluentis. Caespitulis amphigenis, autem principal- iter hypophyllis, atro-punctiformis. Mycelium primarium immersum: hyphis pallide olivaceis, laevis, septatis, ramosis, 2-3 ym latis. Stromatibus nullis. Conidiophoris 2-25 in fasciculo per stomatibus emergentis, simplicibus vel ramosis, pallide olivaceis, concoloris, laevis, flexuosis, 1-3 septatis, 0-2 geniculatis, ad apicem irregular- iter rotundatis, cicatricibus conidialis invisibilis, 22-50 x 4-5 um. Mycelium secundarium superficiale: hyphis pallide olivaceis, subti- liter verruculosis, ex stomatibus oriundis, ramosis, septatis, 2-3.5 um latis, conidiophoris secundariis lateraliter gerentis. Conidiis obclavatis vel obclavato-cylindraceis, plerumque leniter curvatis, sub- tiliter verruculosis, non constrictis, 5-15 septatis, apice obtusis vel subrotundatis, basi obconico-truncatis, 42-160 x 3-4.5 um.
Habitat in foliis vivis Cedrelae toonae Roxb. (Meliaceae), ad Raiganj, Dinajpur occidentalis, Bengal occidentalis, India, leg. B.K. Das, 7 X 1980, No. PCC 4415 (Herb. LAM Yen #10608, holotypus).
Leaf spot distinct, angular or irregular, often vein- limited, margin rather distinct, at first small ane Drags brown, then becoming dull brown on lower surface and whitish- gray on upper surface, scattered, sometimes confluent, 1-8 mm in diameter. Caespituli amphigenous, but chiefly hypo- phyllous, in black punctiform. Primary mycelium internal: hyphae pale olivaceous, branched, septate, smooth, 2-3 yum wide. Stromata none. Primary conidiophores 2-25 in fascicl
Fig.
oF
6. Pseudocercospora phyllanthi-niruri(D & E): D, Conidiophores; E, Conidia. ---- Pseudocercospora trematicola(A-C): A, Conidio-
phores; B, Secondary mycelial hyphae and secondary conidiophores; C, .coniaza.
IE
emerging through the stomata, pale olivaceous, concolorous, simple*or branched, smooth, flexuous,- 1-37 seperate geniculate, apex irregularly rounded or shouldered, conidial scars not visible, 22-50 x 4-5 um. Secondary myceliumesuper. ficial: hyphae pale olivaceous, finely verruculose (sarisang from the stomata, branched, septate, Z-3.5 jm wide, pegeme abundant secondary conidiophores as lateral branches. Conidia obclavate to obclavate-cylindric, generally slightly curved, finely verruculose, not constricted, 5-14 septate, apex obtuse or subrounded, base obconic-truncate, 42-160 x 3-4.5 um.
On living leaves of Cedrela toona Roxb. (Meliaceae), in Raiganj, West Dinajpur, West Bengal, India; leg. BOK.) Das, 1k L980 No. PCC 4415 (Herb... LAM Yen 7 10603).
10 Sténela cynanch? Yen; Kar & Das, ‘speinov. (rrr)
Maculis indistinctis. Caespitulis hypophyllis, effusis, velutinis, griseo-olivaceis, in inferiore superficie saepe fere totam folii pagi- nam omnino obtengentis. Mycelium primarium immersum: hyphis olivaceis, subtiliter verruculosis, ramosis, septatis, 2-4 um latis. Stromatibus nullis. Conidiophoris semper ex mycelium secundarium oriundis, simpli- cibus, pallide brunneo-olivaceis vel obscure brunneo-olivaceis, inferne plerumque erectis et superne leniter flexuosis vel denticulatis, 1-7 septatis, non geniculatis, laevis, apex attenuatis vel denticulatis et cicatricibus conidialis atro-brunneis decoratis, 15-135 x 3-3.5 um. Mycelium secundarium superficiale: hyphis pallide olivaceis vel medio- olivaceis, ex stomatibus oriundis, acute verruculosis vel echinulatis, septatis, ramosis, 1.5-2 um latis, conidiophoris secundariis numerosis lateraliter manifestibus. Conidiis cylindraceis vel fusiformis, pallide olivaceis, solitariis vel catenulatis, rectis, subtiliter verruculosis, 0-1 septatis, apice rotundatis, basi semitruncatis et cicatricibus coni- dialis atro-brunneis decoratis, interdum utrimque cicatricibus atro- brunneis ornatis, 7-25: x 2.5-3,5 pm:
Habitat in foliis vivis Cynancht calltatatae Ham. (Asclepiadaceae) , ad Sylva Joyanti, Alipurduar, Jalpaiguri, Bengal occidentalis, India, leg. B.K. Das, 21 X 1980, No. PCC 4424 (Herb. LAM Yen #10613, holo- typus).
Leaf spot indistinct or none. Caespituli hypophyllous, effuse, velutinous, gray olivaceous, extending and covering the whole lower surface of the leaf. Primary mycelium internal: hyphae olivaceous, finely verruculose, branched, septate, 2-4 ym wide. Stromata lacking. Conidiophores always arising from the secondary mycelial hyphae as lateral branches, solitary, simple, pale brown-olivaceous to dark brown-olivaceous, generally straight below and slightly flexuous and denticulate above, 1-7 septate, not geniculate, smooth, apex attenuate or denticulate and decorated with numerous dark-brown conidial scars, 15-135 x 3-3. 5 un. Secondary mycelium superficial: hyphae pale olivaceous to mid olivaceous, arising from the stomata, branched, septate, sharply verruculose or echinulate, 1.5-2 um wide, bearing numerous secondary conidiophores as lateral branches. Conidia cylindric or fusiform, pale olivaceous, solitary or catenate, straight, finely verruculose, 0-1 septate, apex rounded, base semitruncate and decorated with a dark-brown
93
Fig. 7. Stenella cedrelae: A, Young conidiophores; B, Old and bran-
ched conidiophores; C, Secondary mycelial hyphae and secondary conidiophores; D, Secondary conidiophores; E, Conidia.
94
conidial scar, sometimes both two ends decorated with dark- brown Contdial scars. (225 X 205-5. us
On living leaves of Cynanchum callitata Ham. (Asclepi- adaceae), in Joyanti Forest, Alipurduar, Jalpaiguri, West Bengal, India, tLéeg. B.K.. Das; 21 X 1980, No. PCG 437245 \(Hera, LAM Yen #10613).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We are grateful to Dr. F, C. Deighton and the Directo of the Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, England, for the help given in the determination of critical specimens.
We are much indebted to Dr. Richard P. Korf, Professor of Mycology, Cornell University and Dr. Don R. Reynolds,
Curator of Botany, Los Angeles County Natural History Museum, for reviewing the manuscript.
Fig. 8. Stenella cynanchi: A, Old conidiophores; B, Young conidio- phores and formation of conidia; C, Germination of conidia; D, Above part of old conidiophores; E, Conidia.
a5
LITERATURE CITED
Chowdhury, S. 1961. Notes on fungi from Assam, IV. Lloydia, 24:94-96.
Chupp, C. 1953. A monograph of the fungus genus Cercospora. Ithaca, New York.
Deighton, F. C. 1976. Studies on Cerecospora and allied genera, VI. Pseudocercospora Speg., Pantospora Cif., and Cercoseptorta Petr. CMI Mycological Papers No. 140.
Deighton, F. C. 1979. Studies on Cercospora and allied genera, VII. New species and redispositions. CMI Mycological Papers No. 144.
Shakil, A. K. & Kamal, M. 1962. A new species of Cercospora on Phyllanthus ntrurt L. Indian Phytopathology 15:296-297,
Shakil, A. K. §& Kamal, M. 1963. Cercospora paktstantca, a new species from Pakistan. Mycopathologia 21:112-113.
Yen, J. M. 1965. Etude sur les champignons parasites du Sud-Est asiatique, III. Deuxiéme note sur quelques nouvelles espéces de Cerecospora de Singapour. Revue de Mycologie 30:166-204.
Yen, J. M. 1967. Etude sur les champignons parasites du Sud-Est asiatique VII. Quatriéme note sur quelques Cercospora et Stenella de Singapour (Malaisie). Revue de Mycologie 32:179-202.
Yen, J. M. & Lim, G. 1980. Cercospora and allied genera of Singapore and the Malay Peninsula. Garden's Bulletin Singapore. 33: 152-265,
MYCOTAXON
Vol XV, Now Lop. 96-98 October-December 1982
STUDIES ON PARASITIC FUNGI FROM SOUTH EAST ASIA, 45. PARASITIC FUNGI FROM MALAYSIA, 22.
JO-MIN YEN
Natural History Museum, 900 Exposition Boulevard Los Angeles, California 90007, U.S.A.
and GLORIA LIM
Department of Botany, National University of Singapore Kent Ridge Campus, Singapore 0511
Abstract A new species, Stenella bougainvilleae Yen & Lim is described and illustrated from type material on its host, Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd., collected in Singapore. A new combination, Cercoseptoria cordiicola Yen) Yen, is mentioned.
Stenella bougainvilleae Yen & Lim, sp. nov.
Maculis distinctis, brunneis, orbicularis vel irregulariter orbicularis, margine atro-brunneis circumtextibus, disper- sis, 1-7mm diam. saepe confluentibus. Caespitulis hypophyll- is, invisibilis. Mycelium primarium immersum: hyphae palli- dissime brunneo-olivaceis, septatis, ramosis, 1.5-2.5um latis. Stromatibus non evolutis. Conidiophoris primariis hypophyllis, 2-8 in fasciculo per stomatibus emergentis, simplicibus, raro ramosis, inferne erectis, antice atten- uatis et denticulatis, pallide brunneo-olivaceis, sursum pallidioribus, 3-8 septatis, O-3 geniculatis, apicibus ang- ustioribus et cicatricibus sporarum atro-brunneis ornatis, 30-90 x 3-4um. Mycelium secundarium superficiale: hyphis cum conidiophoris primariis commixa in fasiculo per stomatibus emergentis, pallide olivaceis, repentis, septat- is, ramosis, subtiliter verruculosis, 2-3um latis, conidiophoris secundaris lateraliter gerentis. Conidiis cylindriaceis vel subcylindraceis, pallide brunneo- olivaceis, minutissime verruculosis, rectis vel leniter curvatis, plerumque 3-6 septatis (raro 1-2 septatis), non constrictis, ad apicem rotundatis, inferne lenitissime attenuatis, cellula basali in hilum semitruncatum et atrobrunneum, 20-65 x 2.5 - 4yum. Habitat in foliis vivis Bougainvilleae spectabilis (Nyctaginaceae). G. Lim, IV 1980, No. SU 95 (Herb. LAM, YEN #10586), typus.
Leaf spot distinct, brown, orbicular or irregularly orbicular, surrounded by a definite dark brown margin,
oy
| LO_m
CED
Fig. A-E, Stenella bougainvilleae Yen & Lim. A, Fascicle of
conidiophores and formation of external hyphae; B, Geniculate conidiophore; C, External hyphae and formation of secondary conidiophores; D, Branched conidiophore; E,
Conidia.
98
scattered, 1-7mm in diameter, often confluent on the terminal part of the leaf. Caespituli hypophyllous, invisible even under the hand lens. Primary mycelium internal: hyphae almost colorless, septate, branched, 1.5- 2.-5um wide. Stomata not developed. Primary conidiophores hypophyllous, 2-8 in fascicles emerging through the strom- ata, simple or occasionally branched, erect below, attenuate and denticulate above, pale brown olivaceous and paler towards the tip, 3-8 septate, 0-3 geniculate, apex attenuate and decorate with small dark brown conidial cicatrices, 30-90 x 3-4um. Secondary mycelium external: hyphae arising at the base of primary conidiophores and emerging through the stomata, pale olivaceous, repent, septate, branched, finely verruculose, 2-3\m wide, bearing laterally the secondary conidiophores, which are simimar in respect to the primary conidiophores. Conidia pale olivaceous, cylind- dric or subcylindric, finely verruculose, straight or slightly curved, generally 3-6 septate (rarely 1 or 2 septate), apex rounded, base attenuate-subtruncate and decorated with dark-brown conidial cicatrice generally not constrict, 20-65 x 2.5-4um.
On Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. (Nyctaginaceae), in Holland Road, Singapore, G. Lim, April 1980, No. SU 95 (Herb. LAM, Yen #10586).
Rao (1962) has described in India a Cercospora bougainvilleae P. N. Rao, parasiting also on Bougainvillea spectabilis; but it differs from ours by its hyaline conidia. On the other hand, Sobers and Seymour (1969) have described a Cercosporidium bougainvilleae (Munt.) Sob. & Seym. which differs from our fungus in having very dense fascicles and well developed stromata.
Cercoseptoria Cordiicola (Yen) Yen, comb. nov. =Pseudocercospora cordiicola (Yen) Yen, Gard. Bull. Singapore 33:173,.1980; =Cercospora Cordiicola (Yen) Yen, Rev. de Mycol. 32:
182, 1967.
=Cercospora cordae Yen, Rev de Mycol. 29: 216, 1964. non Cercospora’ ‘cordae -Chupp, Mongr. Univ. 2. Ra scer.s, 22%, 2457) 91934.
On Cordia cylindristachya (Boraginaceae), in Singapore. Literature Cited Rao, P. N. 1962. Some Cercospora species from Hyderabad, India. indian Phytopath’ PY5=shi2. sobers, E. K. and C. P. Seympour. 1969. ‘Proes Pla. St. whoec. Soc. 81:398.
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Don R. Reynolds, Natural History Museum, Los Angeles, for reviewing the manuscript.
MYCOTAXON
VW Ode Lis NO. Ll. pp. 991.02 October-December 1982
PHYTOPHTHORA OPERCULATA SP. NOV., A NEW MARINE FUNGUS
K.G. PEGG and J.L. ALCORN
Plant Pathology Branch, Department of Primary Industries, Indoorooptlly, Queensland, 4068, Australta
In 1980 a species of Phytophthora resembling P. vestcula Anastasiou §& Churchland was reported to be associated with trunk cankers and decayed absorbing rootlets of declining white mangrove trees (Avtcennta martna (Forsk.) Vierh.) in the Gladstone area of central coastal Queensland (Pegg, Gillespie and Forsberg, 1980). During a study to determine the distribution of this fungus in Queensland mangrove communities, another Phytophthora with a unique method of zoospore release was recovered on several occasions from decayed white mangrove leaves submerged in sea water (Pegg and Forsberg, 1981). As this fungus has sporangial characters which differ from those of other Phytophthora species, it is described below as new.
Phytophthora operculata sp. nov. Figures 1-3
Hyphae hyalinae, ramosae, demum septatae, 8-10 um diam. Sporangtophora non ramosa, sympodialia, torsiva, 6-7 um diam. Sporangta subcylindrica vel anguste ellipsoidea, ad apicem late complanata, non caduca, 30- 175 x 25-75 um, obturamento septali in sporangium usque ad 13 um protrudenti, ad apicem circumscissa. JZoosporae flagellis binis lateralibus, limoniformes vel fusiformes, globosae 10-12 um diam. ubi incystatae. Reproductio sexualis ignota. Hab. in foliis putridis Avtcenntae martnae, Moreton Bay, Queensland, 18.vi.1980, K.G. Pegg, BRIP 13362, holotypus; IMI 249911, isotypus.
100
Fig. 1. Line drawings of Phytophthora operculata sporangia. A. Mature sporangia before zoospore release. B. Very young sporangium on spirally twisted sporang- iophore. C. Sporangia after zoospore release (scale = 25 pum.
On solid media the mycelium is composed of freely branching hyphae 8-10 um wide, non-septate when young but developing septa with age. Sporangia are produced Sparingly on solid media in the absence of free water, and more abundantly when discs of V-8 juice agar or naturally-infected host tissue are immersed in autoclaved
101
Fig. 2. Mature sporangium with differentiated zoospores, and sympodially elongating twisted sporangiophore (scale =e omni). Fig. 35. joporangium after dehiscence, with prominent basal plug (scale = 25 um).
sea water. They are borne in a lax monochasial sympodial arrangement on sporangiophores 6-7 um diam., and which are in some parts twisted spirally (Fig. 2). Sporangia are non-deciduous, mostly narrowly ellipsoid, sometimes almost cylindrical, occasionally narrowed at the base, flat and broad at the apex, smooth-walled, 30-175 x 25-
75 ym (Fig. 1). There is a conspicuous basal plug which protrudes 2.5-13 4m into the sporangium. Zoospores differentiate fully within the sporangium. A circumcissile split occurs near the sporangium apex, allowing an operculum to open and release the zoospores without formation Of a vesicle. “The edges of the operculum sometimes curl (Figs. 1, 3), but sporangia do not collapse after dehiscence. Radial growth on corn meal agar after
5 days at 35°C was 4-7.5 mm, with no growth ate oe. Cee The minimum temperature for growth was 18 C, and the optimum in the range 21-31°C.
Sexual reproduction has not been observed. Oogonia and antheridia were not produced when isolates were grown in single culture, or when six isolates of the species were paired in all combinations on 20% V-8 juice agar, carrot agar, media containing B-sitosterol (Ribeiro, 1978), or on detached white mangrove leaves incubated in auto- claved sea water.
102
Isolates of Phytophthora operculata have been obtained from decaying white mangrove leaves collected from several localities in or adjacent to Moreton Bay, south-eastern Queensland. It differs from all other species described in the genus (Ho, 1981) by the presence on the sporangium of an apical lid which opens prionyto ‘zoospore release, . Other species uch) as P. bahamensts Fell §& Master, P. eptstomium Fell & Master, and P. mycoparastttca Fell & Master also have unique methods of zoospore release (Fell and Master, 1975). It seems that marine Phytophthora species are likely to produce sporangia with characteristics not seen in terrestrial members of the genus.
Cultures have been deposited as IMI 249911 and ATCC 44952.
References
Fell, J.W. and Master, I.M. 1975. Phycomycetes (Phytophthora spp. nov. and Pythtum sp. nov.) associated with degrading mangrove (Rhtzophora mangle) leaves. Canadian Journal of Botany 53: 2908-2922.
Ho, JH: 19Si° SSynoptic keys to othe speciessor Phytophthora. Mycologia 73: 705-714.
Pegg, K.G. and Forsberg, L.I. 1981. Phytophthora in Queensland mangroves. Wetlands 1: 2-3.
Pegs; K.G., Gillespic, N.C. ard Forsberg, sls ooe. Phytophthora sp. associated with mangrove death in central coastal Queensland. Australasian Plant Pathology 9(3): 6-7.
Ribeiro, O.K. 1978:°.A source book of the’ genus Phytophthora. J. Cramer, Vaduz.
MYCOTAXON
VOdee Ale Not lee pp... 05-106 October-December 1982
THECAPHORA ANDROSACINA AND ENTYLOMA GAILLARDIANUM, NEW SPECIES OF USTILAGINALES
KALMAN VANKY
Tegelbruksvagen 1, 780 41 Gagnef, Sweden
The types of Thecaphora androsaces (Karsten) Gutner and Entyloma gaillardtae (Speg.) Speg., proved not to be smut fungi. Consequently, it was necessary that the smuts inha- biting Androsace and Gatllardta be described as new.
THECAPHORA ANDROSACINA Vanky, sp. nov.
Typus: Androsace maxtma L., Hungaria, Comtt. Fejér, pr. pag. Erd, "Kutyavdr", V.1874, leg. J. A. Tauscher (Herb. Vertiag. Vanky no. 10751 -in UPS).
Sort multttudinem granulosam-pulveream sporarum conglo- batarum formantes. Glomerult sporarum globost, ovotdet usque parum elongatt vel forma trregulares, 16-85 x 20-45 (—52) pm e sports 2—-15(—25?) factle dtscedenttbus composttt. Sporae rotundato-polygonales, trregulares, cunetformes vel elongatae, 8-15 x 11-19 wn, flavidulo-hyalinae usque dtlute flavtdulo-brunneae, partete 0.81 ym crasso, tn superftcte contactus levt, tn parte extrorsa dense et trregulariter verrucoso.
Sori in the seeds forming pale brown, granular-powdery mass of spore balls. Spore balls (Fig. 1) globose, ovoid to slightly elongated or irregular, 16-35 x 20-45(—52) um, composed of 2-15(—25?) easily separating spores. Spores (Fig. 1) polyangularly irregular with rounded edges, cuneiform or elongated, 8-15 x 11—19 pm in diameter, yel- lowish-hyaline to pale yellowish-brown, wall 0.8—1 um thick, smooth on the contact surfaces, coarsely and irregu- larly verrucose on the free surface.
Type on Androsace maxima L., Hungary, Distr. Fejér, near the village Erd, "Kutyavar", V.1874, col. J. A. Tauscher (Herb. Ustilag. Vanky no. 10751, located in UPS).
104
Several smut names have been mentioned in the literature On Androsace, but they were either based on non fungal ma- terial or nomenclaturally incorrect. Thus, Karsten (1907: 4) described Usttlago androsaces in the ovaries of Androsace 2fitltformis Retz. as "Sori fusci, pulverulenti. Sporae sphaeroideae, laeves, 35-50 yp diam.". Liro (1924: 343) examining the original specimen of Karsten found that it only contains young seeds which were mistaken by Karsten for smut spores. Lavrov (1936: 31) found a smut forming loose spore balls in the seeds of Androsace maxima L., considered it identical with Usttlago androsaces and made the combination Sorosporium androsaces (Karsten) Lavrov. Gutner (1941: 191) transferred this species to Thecaphora as T. androsaces (Karsten) Gutner. Savulescu (1957: 869), though aware of Liro's finding, used the illegitimate name Thecaphora androsaces (Lavrov) Gutner. Another binomial for an Androsace smut is the herbarium name "Theecaphora jubtlet Jacz. n. sp. ined in herb. VIZR", mentioned by Lavrov (1936: 31), which in his opinion is identical with Sorosportum androsaces.
ENTYLOMA GAILLARDIANUM Vanky, sp. nov.
Typus: Gatllardia aristata Pursh, (cult.) Romanta, franssy wana, “Tirgu-Mures, QUp.i 52 0. te Ss Mle ie el ee leg. K. Vdadnky. Holotypus: Herb. Usttlag. Vdnky no. 743 in UPS; tsotypt in Vdnky, Vet. 44 et tn Herb. mye. roman, 1725 (sub Entyloma composttarum).
Sort conspteut steut maculae dtspersae vel gregartae foltorum diametro 0.1—5 mm vel confluentes majores, tnttto dtlute flavtdulo-viritdes deinde brunnet, saepe cum margtne tenut flavtdulo. Sporae globosae usque forma trregulares, magnttudine variae, 9-15 pm tn diam., subhyalinae usque flavae, partete levt, saepe bitstratoso, 1—2(-4) ym crasso.
Sori in the leaves as circular, scattered or gregarious spots of 0.1—5 mm in diameter, or more by confluence, at first pale yellowish-green, later brown, often with a thin yellowish margin. Spores (Fig. 2) globose to irregular, variable in size, 915 um in diameter, subhyaline to yellow, with smooth, often two-layered, 1—2(—4) ym thick wall.
Spegazzini (1925: 148) described Entyloma gatillardtae (Speg.) Speg., based on Protomyces? gatllardiae Spegazzini (1909: 284) on Gatllardta donitana, and characterized by spores 30-35 pm in diameter. Spegazzini (1909: 284) himself
105
i} e eS 0) (=) Cy) ar aS Se) Ss o ey (aa) Cap 9 e Gros faa) SS 0) 85 Qe Y Oo (@) (= O Nn (<i s co owe for n= a 2@) S {= O° nN & rc Y me own 2A ~- oO WV tek oP.) Qa N~—
ewe,
Fig
LM
(type) in
tanum
Llard
10 pm.
Fig. 2. Spores of Entyloma gat Bar
106
suspected that this fungus could represent oospores of Peronosporales. This opinion was also supported by Savile (1947: 117), Zundel (1953: 251) and Lindeberg (1959: 36). The true Entyloma smut on Gatllardta spp. was therefore referred by most of the authors to the collective species E. composttarum Farlow. However, by comparing Entyloma
on Gatllardia aristata with EF. composttarum (on Aster puntceus L., USA, Massachusetts, Wood's Holl, IX.1883, W. Trelease, in Ellis, N. Amer. fgi. 1492), I found that the first species has more irregular and somewhat larger spores, with thicker and often two-layered wall. In my Opinion these are sufficiently distinct to consider the Entyloma on Gatllardta aS a separate species.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author would like to express his sincere thanks to Prof. J. A. Nannfeldt and Dr 0. Constantinescu (Institute of Systematic Botany, Uppsala, Sweden) for the reading of the manuscript, and to Dr S. T6th (University of Agri- cultural Sciences, Gddd116, Hungary) for the preparation of the Latin description.
LITERATURE CITED
Gutner, L. S. (1941). Golovnevye griby. Moscow, Leningrad.
Karsten, P. A. (1904). Fungi novi, paucis exceptis, in Sibiria a clarissimo 0. A. F. Loennbohm collecti. Oevers. Forh. Finska Vetensk.- Soc. 46(11): 1-9.
Lavrov, N. N. (1936). Novye i bolee redkie golovnevye griby sem. Ustilaginaceae severnoi tsentralnoi Azii. Trudy Biol. Nauchno-Iss]. Inst. Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. 2: 1-35.
Lindeberg, B. (1959). Ustilaginales of Sweden. Symb. Bot. Upsa ln 16(2) Sl 17.5%
Liro, J. I. (1924). Die Ustilagineen Finnlands, I. Ann. Acad. (S¢1.) Fenn, Ser. A, 1621-036.
Savile, D. B. 0. (1947). A sudy of the species of Entyloma on North American Composites. Canad. J. Res. Sect. C, BOs Scie con= 105-120:
Savulescu, T. (1957). Ustilaginalele din Rep. Pop. Romina. Vol. 2. Bucuresti.
Spegazzini, C. (1909). Mycetes argentinenses. Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires, Ser. 3, 12: 257-458.
(1925) Ustilagineas Argentinas nuevas o criticas. Revista Argent. Bot. 1: 145-156.
Zundel, G. L. (1953). The Ustilaginales of the World. Contr.Dept. ‘Bot..Penns. State. Collie No.ieGc e410:
MYCOTAXON
VO v to NOS Lp. Di pads October-December 1982
A NEW SPECIES OF ORBILIA FROM CANADA
J. We HAINES.
Btologtecal Survey, New York State Museum The State Educatton Department Albany, New York 12230
K. N. EGGER@
Btosystematics Research Instttute, C.E.F. Ottawa, Ontarto Canada KlA 0C6
ABSTRACT
Orbilia piloboloides, a new species of Helotiales from the bark of Ulmus americana, is distinguished by its subapically swollen paraphyses which resemble the sporangiophores of Pilobolus. An anamorph with what appear to be sympodially produced blastoconidia is pro- duced in culture.
Orbilta is one of the most easily recognized genera of Helotiales, yet relatively few treatments of the genus have been published (Dennis 1978, Svréek 1954, Seaver 1951) and many of its species are poorly known. Despite this, one taxon, represented by some recent Canadian col- lections is so markedly distinctive in having subapically swollen paraphyses and nearly fusoid spores that it is described here as a new species. All three collections are from relatively undecayed bark of Ulmus amertcanus L. and not on well-decayed, decorticated wood or herbaceous stems as is usual for Orbiltia.
Dm bidahed as New York State Museum Journal Sertes #347.
{Present address: Department of Biology, University of Victoria, P. O. Box 1700, Vietorta, BC, Canada V8W 2Y2.
108
The fungus was obtained in pure culture by placing a moistened apothecium on the lid of an inverted petri dish and allowing the ascospores to shoot upward onto the sur- face of 1.25% Malt agar. A characteristic anamorph was observed in culture.
ORBILIA PILOBOLOIDES Haines and Egger, spec, nov,
Apothectts sesstltbus ad brevi-stipttatis, qurantt- lutets. Ascts (35-) 40-52 (-55) x 3-4 ym, Ascosports 8-10 x 2,0-2.6 ym,, fustformtbus ad navtcultformtbus. Paraphystbus filtformtbus cum bulbo aptcalt crassttuntcato et cum gtbba subapticalt pyrtformi tenuttuntecato, 2,0-3,3 wn. diam.
Colonits lentis crescenttbus, hyqlints ad aurantts, rugulosts, semimucosts. Mycelits hyphotdets vel monilt- formtbus, ramosts, laevtbus, hyalints. Contdtophorts sympodtaltbus, 5-12 (-20) x 1,5-3 wm, Sympodulocontdits laevtbus, hyalints, curvts, l-septatts, 9-12 x 2-3 um,
Holotype: DAOM 176753. Ginns' Farm, St. Eltzabeth Road, Cantley, GattnequCo., Quebee, Canada, April 22, 1980, J. H, Ginns, (100+ apotheecta on Ll ptece of substrate, lL dried culture of anamorph, living culture tn DAOM culture collectton).
TELEOMORPH: Apothecia (Fig. 1) scattered to gregarious on relatively undecayed bark, luteus when hydrated, darkening to orange-luteus on drying, waxey-appearing, often with a glaucus coating most noticeable as a white fringe at the margin, cupulate at first, becoming planate at maturity,
up to. 1.5 mm diam., folding or curling inwards, at the mar gin on drying, sessile to short-stipitate. Stipe, when present, 0.2-0.3 mm diam, by up, to 0.3 mm high, Pignter— colored than cup, sometimes with a restricted web of hyphae at the base. Exciple (Figs. 6 and 8) composed of thin- walled, hyaline cells 5-15 um across forming textura angu- laris. Asci (Fig. 3) (33-) 40-52 (-56) x 3-4 um, 8-spored, cylindrical in upper two thirds, tapered in lower third to a contorted base 1-2 um across, apparently not subtended by croziers, distinctly truncated and sometimes slightly enlarged at the apex, without visible pore or amyloid re- action, thin-walled throughout. Spores (Fig. 4) 8-10 x 2,.0-2.5 um, short-naviculate to fusoid, bilaterally sym- metrical, slightly more acute at the apex than base, non- septate, smooth, thin-walled, without conspicuous internal
Figs. 1-8 Orbilia piloboloides, 1, Apothecia on natural substrate, approx, 12X, 2, Hymenium 500X, 3. Asci 1,000X. 4. Ascospores 1,000X, 5. Paraphyses 1,000X. 6. Section of apothecium 400X. 7. Asci and paraphyses 1,000X. 8. Detail of ectal exciple 1,000X, (A111 from the holotype).
TELUS)
110
features. Paraphyses (Fig. 5) filiform, 0.9-1,2 wm diam. in the lower portion, swollen at the apex to a distinct spherical, thick-walled knob 1,1-1.8 um diam. subtended
by a thin-walled, pyriform swelling 2.0-3,.3 um diam., often with a few amorphous particles adhering to the sur- face, extending beyond the asci by a few microns in the hymenium. Hymenial components not adhering, easily separ- ated by pressure on squash mounts (Fig. 2, 7).
ANAMORPH: Colonies submerged or appressed to the surface of agar, rugulose, dense, surface somewhat slimy, hyaline on 1.25% malt agar and potato carrot agar to white on po- tato dextrose agar, developing a light orange pigment when exposed to ultraviolet; slow-growing (6-10 mm in 10 days
at room temperature). Hyphae (Fig. 9) hyaline, smooth, sparingly septate, branched, 1.2-2.5 um wide, occasionally interspersed with moniliform mycelium with elliptical swellings up to 4 um wide, septate at 4-8 um intervals and constricted at the septa, Conidiophores (Figs, 710,71), 90) sympodial, hyaline, lageniform to cylindrical, 5-12 (-20)
x 1.5-3 um, arising from undifferentiated mycelium, usually with one to three denticles at the apex or occasionally with an elongated rachiform apex. Sympoduloconidia (Fig. 13) apparently blastic, smooth, hyaline, strongly curved with an obtusely rounded apex and a narrowly truncate base, 9-12 x 2-3 um, with a single median septum, not constricted.
SUBSTRATE AND HABITAT: Bark of mature, standing or disin- tegrating Ulmus amertcana killed by dutch elm disease. Often, if not always, originating from the upper parts of the trees (J. Ginns, personal communication).
ETYMOLOGY; piloboloides = Pilobolus -like. Refers to the paraphyses which resemble the sporangiophores of the zygo- mycete Ptlobolus Tode,.
COLLECTIONS EXAMINED: CANADA: Quebec: Ginns' Farm, 45° 34'N, 75°47'W, St, Elizabeth Road, Cantley, Gatineau Co, on bark of log of Ulmus amertcana 22 April 1980, J. H. Ginns, DAOM #176753 (Type) DAOM, (Isotype) NYS 26 October 1980, J.-H. Ginns DAOM #177611, (DAOM, NYS). Ontario 3 north Gower, on inner bark of log of Ulmus americana, 16 July 1979, G. P. White #169, DAOM #176754 (DAOM).
DISCUSSION: This species is immediately recognizable as a member of the Orbiliaceae by its waxey, orange apothecia, its small flat-topped asci without apparent pores, knob- tipped paraphyses and globose or angular-celled excipulum.
Figs, 9-13 Orbilia piloboloides, 9, Germinating ascospores, 10, 12, Sympoduloconidia and conidiophores of anamorph, 11. Conidiophore apices showing rachiform development, 13, Mature conidia, A11 at 1,000X, 9, from DAOM 17764, 10-13. from culture of holotype,
plate
~
LZ
It is distinguished from all other species by its unusual paraphyses which resemble sporangiophores of the zygomycete Pilobolus. The ‘similarity is entirely superficial, however, and there is no evidence that the paraphyses are directly involved in dispersal. The ascospores are small and non- septate as in other orbilias but they have a shape not previously described for any other member of the genus,
Recent studies (Benny, Samuelson and Kimbrough 1978) have demonstrated the presence of a blue-green algal (Cyan- obacterial) associate in the excipular tissue of Orbilta luteorubella (Nyl.) Karst. Although one of us (JH) has con- firmed these findings and has observed algal cells in several other species of Orptlta, none were found in 0. ptlobolotdes. The presence of algal cells in the lower apo- thecial tissues of orbilias appears to be correlated with conditions suitable for an abundance of photosynthetic organisms on the substrate surface, Orbilia ptloboloides occurs on substrate relatively poor in these organisms,
Hymenial components which are firmly held together in a glutinous matrix are common for some species of Orbilta but those of 0. ptlobolotdes do not appear to be embedded and are easily separated by applying pressure on squash mounts, Stipitate species are rare in the genus, Orbtlta ptlobolotdes often has a short stipe, but it is a variable character which may be influenced by the environment near the substrate,
We do not feel that the anamorph of 0, ptlobolotdes can be accommodated in any known genus, However, there does not .seem to be acase at this time for, ecrecuing fa anew genus,
Berthet (1964) described an anamorph of Orbilta xantho- stigma (Fr.) Fr. with conidia of two types: fusoid didy- moconidia and "horseshoe-shaped" bilobed conidia, This anamorph has been referred to Dtcrantdton Harkn, (fide Henne- bert and Bellemere, 1979). Butterfield (1973) also noted the presence of lobed conidia and phragmoconidia in D, fragtle Harkn, The anamorph of 0, pilobolotdes does not have bilobed conidia and the conidia are curved rather than fusoid, although the method of conidium production is simi- lar to Dteranidton, Dtplorhtnotrichun Héhnel (= Dactylarta Sacc,, fide Bhatt and Kendrick, 1968) has been used for a group of fungi with hyaline didymoconidia on sympodial conidiophores, but the conidia are not curved, Idriellqa Nelson and Wil- helm, which has a Hymenoscyphus teleomorph (Kimbrough and Atkinson, 1972), and Miecrodochtum Syd, (Sutton, Pirozynski and Deighton, 1973) are similar fungi. JIdrtella spp, produce dark chlamydospores in culture and has a faster growth rate than our species, (Orbiltq ptlobolotdes produces moniliform hyphae in culture but these do not become pigmented, Microdechtum is known primarily from the natural substrate, At least one species, Mierodochtum phyllantht Sutton, Pirozynski and Deighton, does not produce chlamydospores in culture
Las
but does produce a dark brown pseudoparenchymatous stroma, Orbtlia ptlobolotdes produced no stromata in culture,
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: The authors wish to thank Dr, J. D. Bissett for his advice and discussions during the develop- ment of this paper and Dr. J. Ginns for kindly offering fresh collections for culturing, Thanks also to Drs, Scott Redhead and James Kimbrough for their helpful comments,
BIBLIOGRAPHY Benny, G. L., D. A. Samuelson and J. W. Kimbrough. 1978, Ultra- structural studies on Orbtlta luteorubella (Discomycetes). Can.
Smeoc, 56:2006-2012,
Berthet, P. 1964, Formes conidiennes de divers discomycetes. Bull, SOG. Mycol. £r. O03126.
Bhatt, G. C. and W. Bryce Kendrick, 1968. The generic concepts of Dtplorhtnotrichum and Dactylarta, Can. J. Bot. 46:1253-1257,
Butterfield, W. 1973. Morphological variation of Dteranidton fragile and D, tnaequalis in culture. Can, J. Bot, 51:795-799,
Dennis, R. W: G. 1978. British Ascomycetes. Cramer, Lehre,
Hennebert, G. L. and A. Bellemere. 1979. Les formes conidiennes des discomycetes. Rev. Mycol. 43:264,
Kimbrough, J. W. and M. Atkinson. 1972. Cultural features and imper- fect stage of Hymenoscyphus caudatus. Amer, J. Bot. 59:165-171,.
Seaver, F. J. 1951. The North American Cup-fungi (Inoperculates). Seaver, New York.
SULEONs be Cs, Ky As ePirozyuski and fF, o Deighton. 1972, Mtcro- dochtum. Syd. Can. J. Bot. 50;1899-1907.
Syrtek, M. 1951, Rivyise Velenovského druht rodu Orbilta (Discomy- cetes). Rivisio critica J. Velenovskyi speciarum generis Orbtlta. Sb. Narod. Mus. Praze 10B:1-25,
MYCOTAXON
VOL WAVE p NOt pe bao LG October-December 1982
PHELLINUS ANDINA PLANK & RYV. NOVA SP. by Sie Plank! Ayal diye Ryvarden2
ie InStireut, £. Umweltwissenschatten uu. Nacubnschuez der) Oster. Akad.’ Wiss.,, H@INrILChsStr4 5/7 bat A-8010 Graz, Austria.
2. Botanical institute, University obe0slo, P.O. Box 1045, Blindern,. Osilo.s, Norway.
Abstract
Phellinus andina is described from Argentina. It is characterized by a resupinate fruitbody, short tramal setae in the dissepiments and large, subqlobose, golden brown spores.
Under an expedition to Argentina, one of us (S. Plank) collected a Phellinus species with a unique combination of characters and for which we could not find a name.
Phellinus andina Plank & Ryv. nova sp.
Fructificatio resuninata, effusa, adnata marginibus sub- tiliter .floccosis, 1-3.-mm latis, vallide® tabacinis. Facies pororum umbrina poris rotundis,~-6-7 per mm, tubis concolo- ribus, ad 500 um altis. Subiculum cinnabarinum ad tabaci- num. - Systema hypharum dimiticum: hyphae sceletales crasse tunicatae, aureae, alterae in trama, alterae in tubarum dissepimentis sitae, 2-3.5 um latae, hyphae in subiculo et in margine sitae ad 5 um latae luminibus latioribus. Hyphae generatoriae hyalinae, septis simpliciter septatae, 2-3 um latae. Setae vel hyphae setoideae in dissepimentis adsunt, breviter emergentes, pullae, crasse tunicatae, rectae vel leviter curvulae, 4-7 um latae, 35-60 um longae. Setae hymeniales desunt. Basidiae claviformes, 10-20 um longae, 4-6 um latae, sterigmatibus 4. Basidiola evoluta hyalina,
DV |
Pro. io, .Pnetlinus; andina. A) Section, «through? the. disse- piments, B) skeletal hyphae from the trama, C) setae from the dissepiments, D) basidiols, E) basidium, F) spores. From the type.
L16
10-20 um longa, ventricosa. Sporae subglobosae, ad late ellipsoideae, crasse tunicatae, aurei-umbrinae, 7-9/5.5-7 um.
Typus: Ad truncum mortianum Myrceugenellae apniculatae (Myrtaceae). In Argentina, regio Rio Negro (Andes), "Bosque de Arrayanes" apud lacum "Nahuel Huapi", ca. 800 m. Leg. S: PLANK & M. FP. BROGGT, 26.01. boa
HOw iy Omiya) Wr Ses GZUe
I seo.t yop 1: O8lo; Ky BPI, “Coll. aucte Gra e-aAl A RG Ds
Fruitbody resupinate, effused and adnate. Margin finely floccose, 1-3 mm wide, pale snuff brown, pore surface umber brown, pores round, 6-7 per mm, tubes concolorous, —Up te 500 um deep, context deep cinnamon to snuff brown, dense and up? to I smm thick... Hyphal’ systems dimitic, Sskeletar hyphae thick-walled and golden brown, in the trama 2-3.5 um wide; in the context and margin up to 5 um wide: and iwwithua wider lumen. Generative hyphae hyaline, simple septate and 2-3 um wide. Tramal setae or short setal hyphae present in the dissepiments, slightly projecting, dark brown, thick- -walled, straight to somewhat sinuous 4-7 um wide, 35-60 um long. Hymenial setae absent, Basidia clavate 15-20 x 4-6 um with 4 sterigmata, basidiols present, ventricose, hyaline 10-20 um long, spores subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, thick-walled and golden brown by maturity, 7-9 x 5.5-7 um. Only known from a died stem of Myrceugenella apiculata (Myrtaceae).
The short tramal setae restricted to the disseniments make this species unique in Phellinus. Such setae are known in Inonotus, such as in I. hastifer Pouz.; but thave nithepta been unknown in Phellinus. Furthermore, the large spores are also unusual in the genus where most species have spores shorter than 7 um. The new species reminds in seve- ral respects about an Inonotus species, but the distinct dimitic hyphal system with thick-walled, narrow skeletal hyphae rules out a place in the genus.
Acknowledgements.
The first author (P) wishes to express his. sincere thanks to Mario: F. Broggi, Vaduz, for valuable assistance during the excursion to Argentina and to the Amt der Steier- markischen Landesregierung, Abteilung ftir Wissenschaft und Forschung £or. financial ‘support.
MYCOTAXON
Vouyer Vs (Notas opp eal 7122 October-December 1982
A REINVESTIGATION OF THE NORTH-WEST HIMALAYAN PULVINULAS
RISHI KAUSHAL Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
SUMMARY
On a reinvestigation, it has been found that the N.W. Himalayan specimens of Pulvinula Boud. belong to P. mussoor- tensts (Thind, Cash §& Singh) Batra, P. globtfera (Berk. §& Curt.) Le Gal, P. ortichaleea (Cke.) Rifai, P. convexella (Karst.) Pfister, P. laeterubra (Rehm) Pfister, P. nepalen- sts R. Kaushal sp. nov., Pulvinula taxonomic sp. I and Pulvtnula taxonomic sp. II. A key to all these species is given.
Species of Pulvinula Boud. from N.W. Himalayas have been poorly understood. For example, Thind & Batra (1957), Thing q Singh (1959) and Thind et al. (1959) probably were not clear about its generic concept when they treated species Of Pulvinula under Lamprospora de Not. _ Later, Batra q@ Batra (1963) evidently were confused over these two genera. They ducted. cOmeuspecies under Puivinula butyat the same time deSeripnediat east one sor its Species Under Lamurospora. Subsequently, more Pulvinula species were described from the N.W. Himalayas by Thind §& Waraitch (1970) and Waraitch § Thind (1977). ‘The tecent delimitation of species of this eentisopy Ritar (1968), Moravec (1969)" and Pfister (1972, Ie7oji end the importance of Critical mrcroscopic observa- Ctonsy or proper identification led the author to re-examine collections from the N.W. Himalayan ranges of India and Nepal where the earlier Indian researchers made their collections. An attempt has been made here to place the collections (both published and unpublished) in the species as understood now.
ASy a eresult ior these investivations, 1e has been fLound that from among the earlier reports of the Pulvinula species from N.W. Himalayas, only P. mussoortensis (Thind, Cash § Singh) Batra was valid. Besides P. mussooriensis, N.W. Himalayan specimens have been found to represent seven more SeccClcs VizZ., £5 gLloortera tBerk. G iCurt..) Le, Gal, & evtcuaueea (CKke.) Rita, PP. "converel la (Karst.) Prister,
Pa bacterupra (Rehm) Pilister, ©. nepalensts KR. Kaushal, sp. NOV... Lulvinutla taxonomic sp. I and Pulvinuto taxonomic sp. LES
A key to all the N.W. Himalayan species of Pulvinula has been provided in this work. Comments have been included for the collections which are at minor variance with the
118
described species. Collections have been commented under the species to which they were assigned by the earlier workers.
Pulvtnula cearbonarta (Fuck.) Boud. var. brevtspora Batra
Thind §& Batra (1957) first described this fungus (No. 154) as Lamprospora ecarbonaria, but later Batra in Batra §& Batra (1963) shifted it to Pulvinula and raised a new variety brevtspora. The collection is in decayed (condition an preservative and, except for the size of ascospores (up to 14 wm across) and filiform, curved paraphyses which are not enlarged apically, nothing more could be made out of it. Going by Thind §& Batra's description, except for the pyvo- philous habitat it does not seem to be different from P. ortechalcea (Cke.) Rifai. Specimen examined: India: Batra 154 (PAN), on charcoal beds which were overgrown by mosses, Jabber: Khet....Mussoorac, August 20,4. i95Z.:
Pulvinula constellatto Boud.
This species has been tentatively regarded as a synonym of P. convexella (Karst,) Pfister by “Pfister (1970)2 sGUe. In 27 referred to Py “constellatio by Batrarg Batraytigos) has ascospores 15.8-18 um across, asci 194-248 um long, with regular croziers and filiform, curved and branched paraphyses. In my opinion 2t represents P&.. converetia. specimen examined: “India: Batra’’27-(CUP-In) ,(on ‘soni. Dhobe Guaw Mussoorrey UyP i, pen cemper LIo4.
Pulvinuta diseotdea (P., Henn. § Nym.) Batra
I follow Pfister (1976) who does not recognize this species in. the absence, of its. type material. CUP-In 49 described by Batra §& Batra (1963) as P. dtscotdea has few, small (about 1.5 mm in diam.) whitish apothecia, which are not well preserved..)The asci are) 215-Z252ex%, 18-20 ime spored, tapering below, withsregular croziers > suhesasco. spores are 16-18 um across and have many small oil droplets. The paraphyses are unbranched, up to 1.8 um wide at the base and -are-up to 4. (=5) um wide above at their bent apices. main ascospore size it is unlike any of the other white species of this genus and it seems to be a new species (Pulvinula taxonomic. sp. J) «sOQwing to Batra's insuhticient and poarm. preserved material) 1 am not naming this species, Ihave some good material of this fungus from the Eastern Himalayas which would be published shortly. Specimen examined: India: Batra 19 (CUP=In)); on soil, mossy falls, Mussoorie? Ucre
Pulvinula ertotara (Cke.) Le. Gal
The specimen used by Le Gal (1953) to describe P. ettolata has. been referred to P. tetrasporas(Hanst shiver by Rifai (1968) who has described its position in detail. No. 2039 assigned to P. ettolata by Thind §& Waraitch (1970) has small (up to 2.5 mm in diameter) whitish apothecia. These bear 8-spored asci up to 235 wm long, taperingaeateene base and arising from regularly two-pronged croziers, asco- spores up to 12.8 (-13) um in diameter, paraphyses filiform with curved apices up to 1.6 um wide throughout their length.
This Himalayan collection seems not to be different from
CL
Pogvoptyera (Berk. “G Curt.) Le Gal sensu Rifai, Though its relatively smaller apothecia and ascospores, and the form of the paraphyses bring it nearer to P. lacteoalba J. Moravec, this species except for its 4-spored asci, may not be different from P. globifera as noted by Pfister (1976). Specimen examined: India: Waraitch 2039 (PAN), on humi- colous soil amongst needles of some conifers under coni- Forous forest, Baphr, Simla, HVP., August’ 19%) 1966.
Pulvinula globtfera (Berk. & Curt.) Le Gal sensu Rifai
PAN 2322 referred to this species by Waraitch § Thind (1977) has yellow apothecia up to 3 mm in diameter and Dy ropnilous. habitat... The asci are 180-218.x 14-18 um, 3- spored, instead of tapering below become slightly narrower, then abruptly contracted into a short cylindrical stalk-like base agamiack regular croziers.. The ascospores are 12.8- 15.5 um across and the paraphyses are up to 1.6 um wide DeLOow Pexpandingaup to Ss wm at’ their bent ‘to ‘curved. apices:
Its substrate, the type of ascal bases and size of ascospores are unlike P. globtfera. Pulvinula neotroptca Pfister, a pyrophilous species, is close to it but has pale yellowish-greenish apothecia and smaller asci arising from prominent croziers. The similar ascal bases, somewhat Similar ascospore size and apically inflated paraphyses alienate this Nepalese collection to some extent with P. mereena (berk.,) Rifai, but the latter is distinct in* its crimson apothecia, terricolous habitat and longer asci (up LOmcGorum, 11de Ritai, 01908). (Waraitch’s collection ‘seems to represent a new species for which I propose Pulvinula nepalensis R. Kaushal sp. nov.* Specimen examined:
Nepal-ee Holotype: Waraitch 2322 (PAN), .on. .charcoal ‘and burnt soil around a fire place in Bamboo grove, Sundarijal, Kathmandu, August 15, 1969.
Pulvinula haemasttgma (Hedw. ex Fr.) Boud. I follow Pfister (1976) and consider P. haemasttgma a
"nomen confusum.' Batra §& Batra recorded this fungus in their check-list of "Indian Discomycetes" as P. haemato- Prromamsich. Under thys species they. have moticited the
number of their collection deposited at PAN and it could not be located there.
There are four unpublished collections at PAN, labelled acm anaemasteomda. NO» 2252 and 2264 except: for their smaller apothecia (up to 2 mm in diameter) and somewhat smaller asci (204-240 x 17-19 um) are typical of P. con- vexella (Karst.) Pfister in their basally distinctly forked asci with regular croziers, size of ascospores (16.4-18.8 um across) and apically regularly branched filiform para- physes.
*Apothecia ad 3 mm diam., disciformia, flavida. Asci 180- 205 x ATS sm, octosporz. Ascosporr 12..8=15.5) um diam, globosi, laevigati. Paraphyses filiformae, ad 3 um ad apices. Holotypus: Waraitch 2322 (PAN).
120
In No. 2470 “and 2562 ascospores are 14-18. 6, umtacrocs and ascii, 2245-250. x 14.5-19 um which alsofallenineihe wage of P. convexella, but their ascal bases instead of arising from two-pronged regular croziers are simple, tapering and lacking regular “croziers and :also. the regular Dranchanvaog the. pataphyses as lacking in them. . These cotldenort abc asSsSipnedetor Pe.) miliina because: of the tatters abruptety. of ascal base and different color. PP. ortchalcea scensece be the closest but has smaller ascospores. Probably these two collections represent a new species (Pulvinula taxonomic sp. ll). Specimens examined: India: Waraitch 2251) (Pane on much’ wet, "soil ‘Harwan, Srinavar, J 1G Kj August, 7277 one Waraitch 2264 (PAN), on much wet soil amid mosses along a streamlet, Joru Pury, Biybihara-Pahaloam Road, a7. September 24, 1967," 5. Chander 2470 (PAN) = yon wet worm, Banikhet,” Dalhousie, HVP., August Tl, 19725 Ss. Chander 25627 (PAN) ,) on wet «soil, Kilbury, Nainital, UsP.. Aucus oe BO.
Pulvinula haemasttgma (Hedw. ex Fr.) Boud. var. gtgantea (Thind §& Singh) Waraitch § Thind This variety, earlier published as Lamprospora haemato- svigmaevar. gigantea by Thind "G Singh (1959) "to acconmmoda7: No. 296, was later transferred to Pulvinula and validated by Waraitch § Thind (1977) who also added two more collect- DONS, ENO.) ZooemanGdeNOy 62955) CO) ete
In No. 296 the type of asci and paraphyses and! theisize of ascospores are similar to those in P. ortchatcea and should be taken as a representative of this species. No. 23385) 2559 alonetwith, Nos? 213i fand 2542 “(unpub lrchedmanc deposited at PAN as. FP. haemastigma var. gigantea) in my opinion also belong to P. ortchalcea. Specimens examined: India: Singh 296 (PAN), on humus amid mosses in oak forest, Brewery Road. Mussoorie, UlP. , AugustelU ooo. Waraitch 2131 (PAN); on moist and sandy soil in mixed forest. Pan} Pulla sDetnousie, (HYP. August) foo. Nepal: Waraitch 2338 (PAN), oniwet clayey soil in angio- spermous forest, Godaveri, Kathmandu, September, 170. Waraitch 2339 (PAN), on wet sandy soil amid mosses in oak forest, Daman, September 12, 1969; Waraitch 2342 (PAN), on wet sandy soil in Oak forest, Daman, September 12, 1969.
Pulvinula mussooritensts (Thind et al.) Batra
This species, proposed by Thind et a1, (1969), has been commented upon by Pfister (1976) who considered it to be very near 2. niveocalba J... Moravec, “and I also concur wie him. Specimen examined: India: Type: Singh 306 /(PAN)) on soil amid mosses, Brewery Road, Mussoorie, U.P., August 2 OSG
Pulvinula taxonomic sp.
Waraitch §& Thind.(1977)published this fungus togzccon- modate Nos. 2327 and 2349. These have yellowish apothecia, 11.2-14 um across ascospores and up to 250 um long asci with tapering base arising from distinct crozier., These appear to represent the yellow form of P.. Laeterubra. | Specimens examined: Nepal: Waraitch 2327 (PAN), on wet clayey soil
Del
in angiospermous forest, Balaju, Kathmandu, August 22, 1969; Waraitch 2349 (PAN), on wet clayey soil in angiospermous POrest., Balaju,Kathmandu, september 25, 1969.
Lamprospora multtguttulata Batra
CUP-In 104, the holotype of L. multtguttulata, which I received through the kindness of Prof. Richard P. Korf con- Sists of only a slide of a vertical ‘section of an-apotheciun. However, the sections are poor, and the ectal excipulum described as being compact textura intricata by Batra (1960) could not be confirmed. The ascospores are smooth, multi- guttulate and the paraphyses are slightly. bent fully agree with Rifai's annotation slip in the herbarium packet that CUP-In 104 is in no way related to Lamprospora and instead represents some species of Pulvinula. Since its microscopic features could not be fully reinvestigated, no attempt is made to place it. Specimen examined: India: PVOG weoatra Lod (CUP—In), “onssorl. Mussoorie, UP.
KEY TO THE N.W. HIMALAYAN SPECIES
Apothecia white ee hae ea oe Apothecia yellow, orange or reddish
a) W bo
yeeascospores up to 12.8 (-13) um in diameter; para
physes up to 1.6 ym wide Cpa eid their
Pength” —i 3 te at ee CCl tera 2. Ascospores 16- 18 um in ‘diameter; “paraphyses
up to 1.8 ym wide at the base and up to 4
(-5) wm wide at the apex .. Pulvinula taxonomic sp. I J eASCL Without prominent, two-pronged ‘croziers . . «-. . 4 Stoel whl OTOmMImMenten CWO: Dron gedNcroziers:) S093 (be i186
Apothecia yellow; asci’up to 218 ym long,
abruptly contracted below into short, stalk-
ike base! .» . + ERC ee eg eats) LeU a@Lenetis 4, Apothecia salmon to orange: aS Ci. up to 260
EN, SONA CEeE pee hove et Bey cee memes 5: 0d ote bck < Carmen ee Sa ie ec eae Pe Pea) SaerescOspores up tO; LS fim in “diameter 2 20 2. corveralcea Syenocospores. 14-186 “mein
Gtanecet. uu, os -. Peete. 6 EE aenw La CaxOnoOlLe Sp. (itl
6. Ascospores 16.4-18.8 ym in diameter; paraphyses regularly branched at their
AUEOOS ead ese em hy Noa Ame ed te eth are fet KOON DONC T EG 6. Ascospores smaller; paraphyses branched
OceUN De AICIG (29 "ha, Moree Vea. Gas Sk te ee RN Te Seite l ae Gy 27. 7. mscospores 11-14 ym in diameter; paraphyses
often branched .., : P. laeterubra 7. Ascospores 9-11.5 um in diameter: paraphyses
WTC ed AAS nee i a spears . P. mussoortensts
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I am deeply indebted to Prof. Donald H. Pfister, Farlow Herbarium, U.S.A. for carefully checking this manuscript, loaning some specimens of
P22
Pulvinula, and for all his valued suggestions leading to the completion of this manuscript. I wish to thank Prof. Richard P. Korf for the loan of specimens from CUP. To Prof. K. S. Thind, my revered teacher, I am very grateful for constant encouragement and for his permission to study the collections at PAN. The research was financed by Department of Science and Technology, Government of India.
REFERENCES
Batra, L. R. 1960. New species of Discomycetes from India. Il. Mycologia 52:524-527. and S. W. T. Batra. 1963. Indian Discomycetes. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 44:109-256.
Le Gal, M. 1953. Les discomycétes de Madagascar. Prodr. Flore Myc. Madagascar 4:1-465.
Moravec, J. 1969. Nekteré operculdtni diskomycety nalezené v okresech Mlad4 Boleslav a Jicin. Cesk& Myk. 23:222-235.
Pfister, D. H. 1972. Notes on Caribbean Discomycetes-II. Two species of Pulvinula from Puerto Rico. Phytologia 24:211-215.
1976. A synopsis of the genus Pulvinula. Occasional Papers ‘of the Farlow Herb. of Harvard Univ. 9:1-19.
Rifai, M. A. 1968. The Australasian Pezizales in the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Ver. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk. 67:1-295.
Thind, K. S. and L. R. Batra. 1957. The Pezizaceae of the Mussoorie hills. IV. Jour. Indian Bot. Soc. 56:428-438. and. P. Singh. 1959. Idem, Vi. «ibid, “oe; 221-232, and K..S. Waraitch. 1970, The Pezizales’ of India.) Xx. kes. Bull. Panjab University 27:145-155. , E..K. Cash and P. Singh. 1959. The Pezizaceae of the Mussoorge Hills (India). VII. Mycologia 51:458-464.
Warditch, K. S. and K. Si'Thind. 1977. Fungi of Nepal (Pezazaies). J. Nat. Hist.-'Mus, 1:21-34.
MYCOTAXON
VORA I. No. 1, pp.2 1234132 October-December 1982
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF EUTYPA ARMENIACAE FROM DISEASED GRAPEVINES IN WASHINGTON STATE
Deana. GLAWE* and C. B. SKOTLAND
Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center Washington State University Box 30, Prosser, WA 99350
and
W. J. MOLLER“
Department of Plant Pathology University of California, Davis, CA 95616
SUMMARY
Eutypa armeniacae is reported in Washington state from diseased grapevines that exhibit symptoms typical of Eutypa dieback. The teleomorph was not found. The fungus was i- dentified on the basis of host symptomatology, formation of a Cytosporina state in culture, and pathogenicity on apri- cot. Problems in the taxonomy and identification of E. ar- meniacae are discussed.
Eutypa armeniacae Hansf. & Carter ex Carter (anamorph: Cytosporina sp.) (Pyrenomycetes, Sphaeriales, Diatrypaceae) causes cankers and diebacks on grapevine, Vitis vinifera L. and V. labrusca L. (Moller and Kasimatis, 1978), and apri- cot, Prunus armeniaca L. (Carter, 1957) and has been re- ported from a number of other woody plants. The fungus ranks as a major pathogen of both grapevines and apricots, and occurs throughout the world. Unfortunately, identifi- cation of this fungus is difficult. There is no monographic
etesteys address: Department of Plant Pathology, Universi- byoor Illinois, Urbana, LL 6LS0L,
eran ete
124
treatment of Eutypa, and taxonomic literature on the genus is scattered and often inaccessible. In addition, the type description of E. armeniacae (Carter, 1957) does not clear- ly differentiate it from a number of older Eutypa species, includifig Ea acharii1 Tul., EB. lata (Pers.)) > Fru and E. ludibunda Sacc. (Saccardo, 1882). Thus, the dis- tinctions between E. armeniacae and some other species are unclear. Another difficulty is that the teleomorph of E. armeniacae is not known to form on natural substrata in re- gions receiving less than approximately 33 cm of annual rainfall. or in artificial culture (Carter, 4195/7)-eeconce— quently, in dry regions E. armeniacae must be identified on cultural and anamorphic characters without reference to teleomorphic characters. Although the Cytosporina state forms in culture, the lack of available information onsGy— tosporina states of other species of Diatrypaceae prevents confident identification of E. armeniacae solely on ithe morphology of its anamorph. Thus, in addition to cultural studies, previous investigations have used its pathogenic- ity on apricot to help differentiate E. armeniacae from other Eutypa or Cytosporina species (Carter et al., 1964;
eee
Dingley, 1960; English and Davis, 1965; Moller, 1964; Molier ‘et als," l9638;" Moller vetwalcy 97); sUyemotometecains 1976).
The difficulties in identifying E. armeniacae hayewor— ten impeded research on the diseases caused by it. Such has been the case in Washington state, where in 1975 (Mink, 1975) a grapevine disease resembling Eutypa dieback was re- ported from the semi-arid Yakima Valley, which receives ap- proximately 18 cm of annual rainfall (Anonymous, 1978). Attempts to find the teleomorph of E. armeniacae failed, and although some fungi isolated from the vines resembled E. armeniacae in cultural characteristics, they did not sporulate and were not identified (Mink, 1975).
This paper reports the results of subsequent efforts to identify E. armeniacae isolates from diseased grapevines in Washington. Identification of E. armeniacae in this Study was based on: 1) symptomatology on grapevine; 2) production of a Cytosporina state in culture; 3) pathogen- icity on apricot. Problems in the taxonomy and identifica- tion of E. armeniacae are discussed, and etiology of Eutypa dieback of grapevine in Washington is discussed in relation to identification of the fungus.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Vineyard observations. Twenty-four 10-yr old or older "Concord' (Vitis labrusca) vineyards in the Yakima Valley
125
of Washington state were surveyed in late May and early June, 1976-1978 for presence of the disease. Disease inci- dence was estimated in five vineyards by randomly choosing a vineyard block in each that contained 600-1800 vines, and examining each vine for foliar and trunk symptoms. The same vineyard blocks were examined each year.
Isolation and cultural techniques. Diseased wood was excised from canker margins on 60 grapevines and stored at 4C until isolations were made. Pieces of wood approximate- ly 0.5 cm square were surface-sterilized 30-90 sec in 1.622 sodium hypochlorite, and placed on several media, including potato-dextrose agar (PDA), PDA acidified by adding one drop of lactic acid per 9-cm-diam Petri plate, and PDA con- taining 200 ppm streptomycin sulfate and 50 ppm tetra- cycline. Isolates obtained in this manner were transferred to 9-cm-diam plastic Petri plates containing 30 ml PDA and incubated either in darkness or on a laboratory bench where they were subject to fluorescent room lighting. Ambient temperatures during incubation ranged from 20-28C. Two known isolates of E. armeniacae from California, no. 590 (isolated from apricot, Prunus armeniaca) and no. 1090 (i- solated from grapevine, Vitis vinifera), were cultured un- der the same conditions for comparison.
Pathogenicity tests. Tests? were ‘conducted,on apricot to assess the pathogenicity of two suspected E. armeniacae isolates from Washington grapevines; these tests also in- cluded known E. armeniacae isolates no. 590 and no. 1090 from California for comparison. The Washington isolates were no. 261, isolated from a diseased grapevine near Sun- nyside, Yakima Co., June, 1976, and no. 783, isolated from a diseased grapevine near Grandview, Yakima Co., June, 1977. The pathogenicity tests were conducted at Davis, CA, and at Prosser, WA. 'Tilton' apricot trees were utilized at Davis. Because varietal trees were unavailable at Prosser, apricot trees that had been started from seed by Dr. T. Toyama were used there; parentage of the Prosser trees is unknown. Inoculum consisted of discs of mycelium cut from PDA plates; inoculum in control treatments con- sisted of sterile PDA discs. Inoculations were made by pruning off lateral branches 1.0-1.5 cm diam, and placing inoculum on the wounds. The inoculation points were then wrapped with aluminum foil to prevent rapid desiccation. Test results were evaluated by splitting inoculated branches longitudinally and measuring the total lengths of xylem discoloration in both directions from the inoculation points. The fungi were reisolated as before. Five trees were inoculated with each of the five treatments (four
126
isolates and control) in the Prosser test, and four trees with each treatment in the Davis test. The Prosser test ran from May 16-October 13, 1980, and the Davis test ran from May 28-November 21, 1980.
RESULTS
Vineyard observations. The disease was found in each of the 24 vineyards. Disease incidence in the five select- ed vineyards ranged from 20-84%, and did not change signif- icantly during 1976-1978.
Foliar symptoms were most evident in late May when new shoots were three or four internodes long. Symptoms became more difficult to detect as the season progressed because diseased foliage tended to be obscured by healthy shoots. Diseased leaves were stunted, chlorotic, and cupu- late. Internodes were shortened and the berries tended to fall from affected shoots. Terminals of severely diseased vines often collapsed and died during hot weather; new shoots often developed below the diebacks the following spring. Unlike healthy vines, diseased vines usually suck- ered profusely.
Diseased vines also had trunk cankers associated with large pruning wounds that measured 5-8 cm in diameter and had been made during the mid-1960's when trellises were changed from four-arm Kniffen trellises to two-arm trellis- es. Smaller wounds caused by normal pruning operations were seldom associated with cankers. Cankers occasionally were evinced by concentric peripheral ridges resulting from growth of adjacent healthy tissue, but usually were incon- Spicuous unless covering bark was stripped away to reveal the dark-brown-discolored wood typical of the cankers. The discolored wood usually extended below ground on vines with severe foliar symptoms. Vines died when cankers girdled their trunks.
A Cytosporina state resembling that of E. armeniacae was found on the canker of one diseased vine near Prosser, WA in June, 1977. The teleomorph was never observed.
Isolations and cultural observations. A fungus which formed a Cytosporina state in culture was isolated from 50 of 60 randomly chosen diseased vines. Colonies were ini- tially hyaline with cottony aerial growth and diffuse mar- gins. After 2-4 wk, regions of dark gray to black aerial hyphae developed. Isolates differed in the extent and in- tensity of the dark mycelial regions. Pale yellow conidial masses began exuding from black, 1-mm-diam, subconical pyc- nidia after 4-6 wk. Conidia were 34-74 (-78) x 1-1.5 (-2) um, single-celled, moderately curved, filiform, and
LZ
Table 1. Pathogenicity of four isolates of Eutypa armeniacae on apricot (Prunus armeniaca) at Davis, CA and Prosser, WA.
Ave. Length Internal
Discoloration (Cm)*
Isolate Davis Prosser Control Alva is0sa 261" lyfe Thea ENG 10907 30.0 ¢ 3.3 ab 783> 34.0 ¢ 4.1 b 5907 44.8 d 7S Olec
*Values within columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different from each other (P = 0.05) according to Duncan's new multiple range test.
YWashington isolate.
Z ‘ ‘i A California isolate.
hyaline. Reverse sides of month-old colonies were creamy white to pale yellow. Cultural characteristics of the known E. armeniacae isolates from California were identical to Washington isolates while the colonies were expanding, but sporulating cultures (4-6 wk old) differed in several respects. The California isolates did not become as dark as Washington isolates, tended to produce more pycnidia with larger spore masses and smaller conidia that measured (15-) 25-35 (-39) x 1-2 um, and discolored the culture me- dium a more intense yellow. Neither the Washington nor the California isolates sporulated in darkness.
Pathogenicity tests. Results of pathogenicity tests of two suspected isolates of E. armeniacae from Washington grapevines and two known E. armeniacae isolates from Cali- fornia are presented in Table 1. All four isolates were pathogenic in the Davis test. At Prosser, isolates no. 590 and no. 783 were pathogenic, but isolates no. 261 and no. 1090 did not differ significantly from the control treat- ment. Xylem discoloration extending from wounds inoculated with isolate no. 590 was significantly greater than that produced by other isolates in both tests.
128
DISCUSSION
This=report is one of several (Carter et al., 11964. English and™Davis, 1965; Kouyeas et al.) 1978; Kouyeas eu al., 1976) in which the teleomorph of E. armeniacae was not found on the host from which the fungus was reported. I- dentification of E. armeniacae in the absence of its teleo- morph under natural conditions is complicated by its ina- bility to form the teleomorph in artificial culture. It is further complicated by a general lack of information on Cytosporina states which might be confused with the Cyto- sporina state of E. armeniacae. Previous studies on E. armeniacae have used its pathogenicity on apricot and be- havior in culture to help distinguish it from other fungi (Carter et al., 1964; Dingley, 1960; English and Davis, £9655, Molter, (1964 "Moller etal) 1968s °Mollerscteal LT Uy emocoveteral on. Lo7 6) Consequently, the following three criteria were ood to identify E. armeniacae in this study:
1) Consistent isolation of the fungus from diseased vines exhibiting symptoms identical to those caused by E. armeniacae in other areas (e.g., Moller and Kasimatis, 1978). Disease symptoms included stunted and deformed chlorotic foliage, dieback, and trunk cankers associated with pruning wounds. These symptoms are, insofar as is known, unique to Eutypa dieback.
Zy Ve Productionvor <a Cytosporina state in artificial culture when exposed to light. Although some other species of Diatrypaceae sporulate in darkness (Glawe, unpublished) , E. armeniacae does not. Conidia of Washington isolates are larger than the size range reported in the type description (Carter, 1957) and found in the known E. armeniacae iso- lates examined in this study. However, R. C. Pearson (per- sonal communication) reports that ascospore isolates from grapevines in New York produce conidia that are similar in size to Washington isolates. Thus, it appears that the original description of E. armeniacae does not indicate the full size range of conidia formed by this species.
3) Pathogenicity on apricot. Apricots were used in this, as well as in previous studies (Carter et al., 1964; Dingley, 1960; English and Davis, 1965; Moller, 1964; Moll- Cra ctgale 1966; Moller et 'al.’,. 1968; Moller etvala, ta. Uyemoto | et alate 60) to verify RA ealosees of isolates from diseased apenas Apricots are preferred in patho- genicity tests for purposes of identification because symp- toms develop in months rather than years as is required on grapevines (Moller and Kasimatis, 1978). Both the known
129
isolates (no. 590 and no. 1090) and the suspect isolates (no. 261 and no. 783) were pathogenic in the Davis test.
In the Prosser test, isolates no. 590 and no. 783 were pathogenic, but isolates no. 261 and no. 1090 did not dif- fer significantly from the control treatment. From these results it appears that the latter isolates were less viru- lent, and might have become differentiated from the control treatment in the Prosser test had that test continued long- er. Differences in virulence among E. armeniacae isolates have been reported previously (Ramos et al., 1975a). Iso- late no. 590 caused significantly more xylem discoloration than the other isolates in both tests. Discoloration of xylem was more extensive for each isolate, and in the con- trol treatments, in the Davis test than in the Prosser test. The reason for this is unknown. The Davis test ran approximately six months and the Prosser test approximately five months, but it appears unlikely that the difference in test lengths is responsible for the four- to nine-fold dif- ferences between test results. Although no differences in varietal susceptibility to E. armeniacae have been report- ed, genetic differences among apricots might have affected the test results. Another possibility is that climatic differences between Davis and Prosser influenced the re- sults. This possiblility is consistent with the fact that Eutypa dieback has not been reported on apricot in Washing- ton or other cool areas of the world where they are grown, but is common on apricot in California and other areas with mild climates (Moller, unpublished). Further studies are necessary to clarify the factors affecting development of Eutypa dieback on apricot, but the pathogenicity tests in this study do demonstrate the pathogenic potential of Wash- ington isolates on apricot.
Identification of E. armeniacae on the basis of host Symptomatology, formation of a Cytosporina state in culture and pathogenicity on apricot is consistent with previous interpetations of this-species (Carter et al., 1964; Ding- ley, 1960; English and Davis, 1965; Moller, 1964; Moller et ieee Ob. Mol Verietval., 11 960s4Mol lem eteale.. b9/ ts Uyemoto et al., 1976). However, as stated earlier herein, the type description for E. armeniacae (Carter, 1957) is very similar to those of a number of nomenclaturally older Eutypa species. The description for E. armeniacae (Carter, 1957) does not indicate how it may be distinguished from those species, nor have any subsequent studies addressed this problem. Thus, it is possible that E. armeniacae is a Synonym of an older name; the name is used here in order to conform with its widespread use among plant pathologists.
130
Clearly, however, studies on E. armeniacae and similar Eutypa species are needed to clarify their taxonomy and nomenclature, and to simplify their identification.
The results of this study establish the presence of E. armeniacae and Eutypa dieback of grapevine in Washing- ton. Previous investigations of Eutypa dieback in Washing- ton (e.g., Mink, 1975) failed to elucidate its cause, ap- parently because fungi isolated from diseased vines were cultured in darkness and isolates of E. armeniacae escaped attention because the cultures failed to sporulate. The source of inoculum in Washington remains to be determined. Conidia of E. armeniacae are thought not to function as inoculum because attempts to germinate them have failed (Moller and Kasimatis, 1978). The teleomorph was not found in the Yakima Valley, which receives approximately 18 cm of annual rainfall (Anonymous, 1978). Areas receiving more than 33 cm of rainfall, the amount reported as necessary for formation of the teleomorph (Carter, 1957), are located 50 to 100 km to the west and southwest of the Yakima Valley (Anonymous, 1978), and contain known host species. These areas are within the 60-km range for ascospore dispersal reported in California (Ramos et al., 1975b), and the 160- km range reported in Australia (Carter, 1957). It appears, therefore, that the teleomorph of E. armeniacae might occur in these neighboring higher-rainfall areas, and that long- range ascospore dispersal may be an important feature in the biology of this fungus in Washington. Further research is needed to determine the types and sources of inoculum in Washington.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Scientific Paper No. 5679, Washington State University College of Agriculture Research Center, Project 1628. This project supported in part by funds from the Washington Con- cord Grape Research Council. We thank Dr. T. Toyama, Ir- rigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Prosser, for apricot trees used in this study, Dr. T. Russell, Wash- ington State University, for assistance with statistical analysis of data, and Dr. R. C. Pearson, Geneva Experiment Station, NY, for making available unpublished information regarding E. armeniacae. We thank Dr. M. E. Barr Bigelow, University of Massachusetts, and Drs. R. Duran, J. D. Rogers, and C. G. Shaw, Washington State University, for reviews of the manuscript. We are especially grateful to Drs. Duran and Rogers for valuable discussions regarding this research, and to G. H. Glawe for helpful comments re- garding the manuscript.
ti
LITERATURE CITED
ANONYMOUS. 1978. Climatological data, Washington. U. S. Environ. Data Inform. Serv. 82:4-5.
CARTER, M. V. 1957. Eutypa armeniacae Hansf. & Carter sp. nov., an airborne vascular pathogen of Prunus armen- iaca L. in Southern Australia. Austral. J. Bot. Sha Fs er
CARTER. DM.» V.,. G. S;:-MORVAN, and C.. CASTELAIN.). 1964. . An extension of the known distribution of Eutypa armen- facae. Nature 202:1134-1135.
DINGLEY, J. M. 1960. Eutypa canker of apricots. Orchard. New Zealand 33:78-79.
ENGCLOH en. and J... Re oDAVIS. 1965. “Apricot, dieback ‘fun- gus found on western choke-cherry. Pl. Dis. Rep. 49217 5:
KOUYEAS, H. 1978. Eutypa armeniacae on lemon in Greece. Piyuopathol. Ze) (ols2354237.
KOUYEAS, H., A. CHITZANIDIS, A. PAPPAS, and M. V. CARTER. 1976. Eutypa armeniacae on apricot and grapevine in Greece. Phytopathol. Z. 87:260-263.
MINK, G. E. 1975. A dying arm-like disease of grapevines. Proc. Washington State Grape Soc. 1975:25-26.
MOLLER, W. J. 1964. Apricot disease found on garden Srube io. eAlonralng ss Agric. 675251.
MOGEER WW. a. BH. SENGUISH, and. J. Rs DAVIS. © -1966..? “The perithecial stage of Eutypa armeniacae in California. Pit Diss Rep. "50353.
MOLLER, W. J., H. ENGLISH, and J. R. DAVIS. 1968. Eutypa armeniacae on grape in California. Pl. Dis. Rep. be <7 Len ea
MOLLER, W. J., and A. N. KASIMATIS. 1978. Dieback of grapevines caused by Eutypa armeniacae. Pl. Dis. Rep. 62:254-258.
12
MOLLER, Woods 50D.) B RAMOS ,- and: Ws Re eHibDRe Tie see Gaye Apricot pathogen associated with Ceanothus limb die- back in Calitornia. Pl. Dis. ‘Rep:, “55-2006=100c7
RAMOS 5) D. E., W. J. MOLLER, and®H. ENGLISH. ~19/5as sous ceptibility of apricot pruning wounds to infection by Eutypa armeniacae. Phytopathology 65:1359-1364.
RAMOS, D. E., W. J. MOLLER, and H. ENGLISH. 1975b. Pro- duction and dispersal of ascospores of Eutypa armen- iacae in California. Phytopathology 65:1364-1371.
SACCARDO, P. A. 1882. Sylloge fungorum omnium hucusque Gognitorum.y) VOL... “Padua.
UYEMOTO. J. Ka, Wo J. MOLLER, and A. CC. -GOHEEN =) 1976. Isolation of Eutypa armeniacae from grapevines and inoculation to apricot. Pl. Dis. Rep. 60:684-666.
MYCOTAXON
Vole AVIS No. 1, pp. 1335-140 October-December 1982
STILBELLACEOUS FUNGI 1. DIDYMOSTILBE
J. Le. CRANE
Illinois Natural History Survey and the Departments of Botany and Plant Pathology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
and ADRIANNA D. HEWINGS
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
The genus Didymostilbe was established by Hennings (1902) with D. coffeae as the type species. Twenty-six days later Didymostilbe Bresadola and Saccardo was described in Saccardo (1902) and typified by D. eichleriana. Sydow (1903) noted this nomenclatural problem and indicated that Hennings” name has priority.
We have examined the type material of six of the eight species presently place in Didymostilbe. It appears that this genus differs from Stilbella Lindau as lectotypified DYA co, erythrocephala (Ditmar:Fr.) Lindau solely by the presence of a septum in the mature conidia. This character is highly variable and by itself, perhaps insufficient to maintain Didymostilbe as a genus distinct from Stilbella. In the absence of a critical examination of Stilbella, we have retained Didymostilbe. A revision of the genus is presented here.
Didymostilbe P. Hennings, Hedwigia 41:148. 5 August 1902 Species Typica: D. coffeae P. Henn.
134
——= ———=—
i: Or!
SH ASe
igQes> Ee
Se:
- Didymostilbe coffeae. A. . Conidiogenous cells; C.
—}S
——————
=e
SS
ee
Synnema 3
———
——— —— ———= ——_ ———————
A=L—_L_$< $< = —$—S> ———
=
‘e3S2 a ye OC SINCE,
Re Gt BSAt <5,
ISS
= Didymostilbe Bres. & Sacc., Compt. Rend. Congr. Bot. Palermo 1902:59. 31
August 1902. Species typica: D. eichleriana Bres. & Sacc.
Conidiophores macronematous, synnematous. Synnemata erect, straight, white, cream or tan, cylindrical to clavate, smooth with a mucoid head. Filaments of synnemata interwoven, hyaline, septate, monopodial, dichotomous or verticillate. Conidiogenous cells enteroblastic phialidic, integrated or discrete, terminal or lateral, hyaline, smooth-walled, cylindrical. Phialoconidia acrogenous , hyaline, 1-septate.
Key to the Species of Didymostilbe Henn. *
1. ConvaLopenousmcel ls << COMM LON sss. esicoscesceecies 2 VOMpororenousuceillsl > 20 tim LONE: .. sss ss ss sie's's oes 0105 2% COnidiavesc—4+. eume wide... e's os Disisisisieieles ee ee Lets Conidia 422-6.6 pm wide ........... D. coprophila (2) Creme cai diar MOM long 22. <e'o5 es scee ees De Kamatii (3) COT Om ae MOmiMe LONE .6.0< ssles sb eects Soe sees ae eee. 4 4, COMMGMaArTUSOTU! cus cl ses sees o's s sioisha es tieeie oy MDs BOO, Leae Gol Ms PODOVOLO Giese’ cate sss sie ies es De even) en.and
#Numbers in parentheses refer to literature cited.
Didymostilbe coffeae P. Henn. Figure 1, A-C. Hedwigia 41:148. 5 August 1902.
Mycelium immersed in the substrate, composed of branched, septate, subhyaline or light brown hyphae. Conidiophores macronematous, synnematous. Synnemata erect, straight cream or tan-brown, cylindrical, smooth, with a mucoid head, up to 880 um high, 60-110 m wide at the base. Filaments of synnemata interwoven, slender, hyaline, monopodial or with dichotomous branching at the apex. Conidiogenous cells enteroblastic phialidic, integrated or discrete, terminal or lateral, cylindrical, hyaline, smooth-walled, 29-35 x 3.5-4.0 wm. Collarettes poorly developed or lacking. Phialoconidia acrogenous, hyaline, smooth, fusoid, straight or slightly allantoid, 1-septate at maturity, 16.5-20.6 x 3.0 4.0 im.
136
Way
, ee
AAW \\ ay NN WAN \ Ny
Bf 42-4, ‘ A? 44,44 ht A N R z 2G LV Tid YK \ Lon PAARL MWY) ts citi" ‘f Nal We i) JAN AS PND KU NADER \ CR mye) ifs st PLOY \ | RY ahh v Ay)
og i
\
i
Figure 2, A-C. Didymostilbe eichleriana. A. Synnema; B. Conidia; C. Conidiogenous cells and conidia.
Tod:
Etymology: After the host genus Coffea.
Type: Auf Zweigen von Coffea arabica L. Buitenzorg {Bogor}, Java, A. Zimmermann, (B).
Other Material Examined: On Coffea sp., Camargo Chih, Mexico, 28 April 1967, H. R. Conway. Intercepted at El Paso, No. 68952 (BPI).
Didymostilbe eichleriana Bres. & Sacc. Figure 2, A-C. Compt. Rend. Congr. Botan. Palermo 1902:59. 31 August 1902.
= Didymostilbe obovoidea Matsushima, Icones microfungorum a Matsushima lectorum: 60. 1975.
Mycelium immersed in the substrate, composed of branched, septate, hyaline hyphae. Conidiophores macronematous, synnematous. Synnemata erect, straight, white to cream colored, cylindrical to clavate, smooth with mucoid, tan-brown heads, 500-750 x 120-130 um. Filaments of synnemata interwoven, slender, hyaline with monopodial, dichotomous or verticillate branching at apex. Conidiogenous cells enteroblastic, phialidic, discrete, terminal or lateral, cylindrical, hyaline, smooth-walled, with a collarette, 25-50 (-55) x 1.2-2.2 um. Phialoconidia acrogenous, collecting in tan-brown droplets, obovoid, hyaline, smooth, 1-septate at maturity, (8.9-) 11.0-15.0 x 2.e= Se) WM.
Etymology: Honoring the collector, B. Eichler.
Type: Supra algas vivas in truncis Betulae albae in Polonia rossica, B. Eichler, (PAD).
Didymostilbe ellisii Saxena & Mukerji Figure 3, A-E. Trans. Brit. Mycol-Soc. 55:503. 1970.
Mycelium superficial to immersed in substrate, composed of branched, septate, hyaline hyaphae. Conidiophores macronematous, synnematous. Synnemata erect, straight, white to yellow-white, smooth, cylindrical at base gradually expanding towards the apex into a_ spherical or subspherical head, 480-622 um high, 35-45 um